肉用牛、绵羊脂肪组织特性、发育规律及其评鉴方法  

Characteristics,development,and evaluation of adipose tissues of beef cattle and mutton sheep

作　　者：蒋宗佑 玉金燕 唐高建 石英子 王波[1] JIANG ZongYou;YU JinYan;TANG GaoJian;SHI YingZi;WANG Bo(State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2023年第7期945-963,共19页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(批准号:2021YFD1200901);国家自然科学基金(批准号:31902183,32272892)资助。

摘　　要：脂肪组织是动物的主要能量储存器官,同时也是重要的内分泌器官,能够调控机体能量稳态.对于反刍家畜而言,脂肪组织关系到御寒能力、免疫力、繁殖力、肉品质、饲料转化效率等多个生存与生产相关的重要性状.动物脂肪组织储存于皮下、内脏、肌间、肌内和骨骼等5个主要部位.依据脂肪细胞的类型又可以分为白色脂肪组织和褐色脂肪组织两大类.目前针对肉用牛、绵羊白色脂肪组织的发育规律方面的研究较为全面,而褐色脂肪组织的研究相对较少.针对反刍动物皮下、肌内等部位脂肪已建立了生产评价体系,但尚无针对褐色脂肪的评价标准.本文从动物健康与生产实际两个方面出发,分析了肉用牛、绵羊脂肪组织特性、发育规律及其鉴定与评价方法.Adipose tissue is the main energy storage site of animals and an important endocrine organ that regulates whole-body energyhomeostasis. To ruminant animals, adipose tissues are related to cold resistance, immunity, reproductive capacity, meat quality, feedconversion, and some other important productive and survival traits. According to their locations, fat tissues are classified assubcutaneous fat, visceral fat, intermuscular fat, intramuscular fat, and bone fat. Fat tissues can also be classified as white fat andbrown fat according to the type of adipocytes. While the development of white fat has been extensively studied, the knowledge aboutbrown fat tissues in beef cattle and mutton sheep is limited. Identification methods and evaluation standards have been established forwhite fat but not for brown fat. To provide useful information for animal production and health, here we discussed the developmentand characteristics of different adipose depots of beef cattle as well as mutton sheep, and we also discussed the methodology toidentify and evaluate these fat tissues.

关 键 词：反刍家畜 脂肪 发育 评鉴方法 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学] S826[农业科学—畜牧兽医]