外来入侵脊椎动物对生物多样性危害的研究进展  

Review of the impacts of invasive alien vertebrates on biodiversity

作　　者：杜元宝 涂炜山 杨乐 顾党恩[5] 郭宝成 刘宣 DU YuanBao;TU WeiShan;YANG Le;GU DangEn;GUO BaoCheng;LIU Xuan(Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;School of Life Sciences,Division of Life Sciences and Medicine,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Tibet Institute of Biology,Lhasa 850000,China;Key Laboratory of Recreational Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510380,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所动物生态与保护生物学重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院动物研究所动物进化与系统学重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学技术大学生命科学与医学部生命科学学院,合肥230026 [4]西藏自治区高原生物研究所,拉萨850000 [5]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,农业农村部外来入侵水生生物防控重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院外来物种与生态安全重点实验室,广州510380 [6]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2023年第7期1035-1054,共20页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(批准号:2021xjkk0600,2021xjkk0606,2021xjkk0602,2021xjkk0604);南疆经济与社会高质量发展研究项目(批准号:NFS2101);国家自然科学基金(批准号:32171657,31870507);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(批准号:2020-TD17);国家现代农业产业技术体系(批准号:CARS-45);中国科学院动物进化与系统学重点实验室开放课题(批准号:Y229YX5105)资助。

摘　　要：外来物种入侵是造成全球生物多样性下降的重要因素之一.入侵脊椎动物作为食物链的上游类群,对生物多样性的危害尤为显著,但长期以来国内缺少对脊椎动物入侵危害的系统阐述.本文从直接影响(捕食危害、种间竞争和繁殖干扰、种间杂交和基因污染等)和间接影响(疾病传播、栖息地环境改变等)两个方面,分别在种群、群落、生态系统和生物地理格局等不同水平上,阐述外来入侵鱼类、两栖爬行类、鸟类和兽类等脊椎动物类群对生物多样性的影响机制,并以典型生物多样性脆弱区(岛屿生态系统和自然保护地)以及“一带一路”倡议沿线为例,探讨外来脊椎动物入侵对生物多样性保护的挑战;最后,概述我国入侵脊椎动物对生物多样性危害的研究现状,并结合生态安全的国家需求以及国际科学前沿,展望我国外来脊椎动物入侵对生物多样性危害及管控对策的未来发展方向.Alien species invasion is one of the major causes of global biodiversity loss. As the top predators of the food web, invasive alienvertebrates have dominant impacts on the native species population, community structure, and ecosystem functions. Nevertheless,within China, there is a lack of a systematic review of the impact of invasive alien vertebrates on biodiversity. Based on an intensiveand systematic literature review, we summarize the direct (e.g., predation, competition, reproductive interference, and gene pollution)and indirect (e.g., disease transmission and habitat modifications) impacts of invasive alien vertebrates on the native biota acrosspopulation, community, ecosystem, and biogeography levels. We particularly focus on the impacts of invasive alien species on islandecosystems, protected areas, and regions along the “Belt and Road Initiative,” which are located in biodiversity-conservation hotspotsand are extremely sensitive to biological invasions. Accounting for the requirement of biosecurity system construction in China andthe international frontier of discipline development, we finally summarize the recent research progress, the directions of futurestudies, and the potential conservation and management strategies for invasive alien vertebrates in China.

关 键 词：生物入侵 脊椎动物 生态危害 生物多样性保护 自然保护地 全球变化 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]