2014年西藏自治区1~69岁人群乙型病毒性肝炎血清流行病学特征及乙肝疫苗接种现状分析  

Analysis of the Epidemiological Characteristics of Hepatitis B Virus and the Current Status of Hepatitis B Vaccination in the Population Aged 1 to 69 in Tibet Autonomous Region in 2014

作　　者：赵伟栋[1] 田甜 胡永红[1] 尼玛次仁 边巴仓决[1] 卓玛 冶秀敏[1] 次旺[1] 顿珠多吉[1] ZHAO Wei-dong;TIAN Tian;HU Yong-hong;DHONDUP Dorjee(Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xizang Lasa,850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《中西医结合肝病杂志》2023年第6期504-508,共5页Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine on Liver Diseases

基　　金：中国乙肝防控科研基金项目(No.YGFK20210139)。

摘　　要：目的:了解西藏自治区2014年1~69岁人群乙型病毒性肝炎感染现状和乙型肝炎疫苗的接种情况,评价西藏乙肝疫苗纳入儿童免疫规划工作10年来乙型肝炎控制效果。方法:采用三阶段整群随机抽样方法,在7个地级市(地区)随机抽取7163例1~69岁常住人口,采取入户调查方式开展个案调查,并采集静脉血5 ml。所有血标本统一由中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病所采用国产酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)和乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc);对于ELISA检测结果处于灰区或结果有矛盾的标本,使用美国雅培(Abbott)公司生产的AXSAM全自动检测仪及配套的微粒子酶免疫法(MEIA)检测试剂进行复核检测。结果:西藏自治区1~69岁人群HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc流行率分别为14.5%、40.99%、41.07%。1~4岁、5~14岁、15~29岁、30~69岁人群的HBsAg流行率分别为6.86%、10.07%、16.60%、16.10%,1~4岁人群HBsAg阳性率与5~14岁无统计学差异,但低于15~29岁、30~69岁人群,差异有统计学意义;男性、女性HBsAg阳性率分别为17.29%、11.78%;拉萨市HBsAg阳性率(9.71%)低于那曲地区(20.31%)和阿里地区(18.23);农村人群HBsAg阳性率为15.04%,高于城市(10.65%);牧民群众HBsAg阳性率为24.00%,远高于干部/职工(8.46%)和其他职业人群(6.51%)。结论:西藏自治区1~4岁儿童乙肝病毒感染率较成人下降,乙肝疫苗接种取得一定成效,但全人群乙肝病毒感染仍处于较高水平,应全面落实新生儿乙肝疫苗接种和乙肝母婴阻断策略,加强乙肝防控工作。Objective:To understand the status of hepatitis B infection and hepatitis B vaccination coverage in people aged 1~69 years in Tibet Autonomous Region in 2014,and to evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B control in Tibet since hepatitis B vaccine was included in the child immunization program for 10 years.Methods:A total of 7163 residents aged 1~69 years were randomly selected from 7 prefecture-level cities(regions)by using a three-stage cluster random sampling method.A household survey was conducted,and 5 ml venous blood was collected.All blood samples were tested for hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsAg),anti-hepatitis B virus surface antibody(anti-HBS)and anti-hepatitis B virus core antibody(anti-HBC)by using a domestic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).For the samples whose ELISA results were in the gray zone or with contradictory results,the AXSAM automatic detection instrument produced by Abbott and the matching microparticle enzyme immunoassay(MEIA)detection reagent were used for recheck.Results:The prevalence rates of HBsAg,anti-HBS and anti-HBC were 14.5%,40.99%and 41.07%respectively,and the prevalence rate of HBV was 42.05%in the population aged 1 to 69 years.The prevalence rates of HBsAg in 1~4 years old,5~14 years old,15~29 years old and 30~69 years old were 6.86%,10.07%,16.60%and 16.10%respectively.There was no statistical difference in HBsAg positive rate between 1~4 years old and 5~14 years old,but lower than 15~29 years old and 30~69 years old,the difference was statistically significant.The positive rate of HBsAg in male and female was 17.29%and 11.78%,respectively.The positive rate of HBsAg in Lhasa(9.71%)was lower than that in Nagqu(20.31%)and Ali(18.23).The positive rate of HBsAg in rural population was 15.04%,which was higher than that in urban population(10.65%).The positive rate of HBsAg among herdsmen was 24.00%,much higher than that of cadres/workers(8.46%)and other occupational groups(6.51%).Conclusion:The infection rate of hepatitis B virus in children aged 1~4 is lower tha

关 键 词：西藏 乙型病毒性肝炎 血清流行病学 流行特征 

分 类 号：R512.4[医药卫生—内科学]