青岛市港区道路路边大气VOCs污染特征与健康风险  

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of ambient volatile organic compounds at roadside in Qingdao port area

作　　者：张婷 邹超[1] 和慧 方天歌 孙露娜 孙滨 吕建华 吴琳[1] 毛洪钧[1] ZHANG Ting;ZOU Chao;HE Hui;FANG Tiange;SUN Luna;SUN Bin;LÜJianhua;WU Lin;MAO Hongjun(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071;Qingdao Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Qingdao 266003)

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津市城市交通污染防治研究重点实验室,天津300071 [2]青岛市环境保护科学研究院,青岛266003

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第6期141-154,共14页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.42177084);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(No.63221411);天津科技支撑计划项目(No.20YFZCSN01000)。

摘　　要：为探究以重型货车为主体的车队构成对路边大气环境VOCs的影响,于2021年10月在青岛市港区路边4个点位进行VOCs采样,并进行其污染特征、日变化特征、光化学反应活性特征和健康风险评价研究.结果表明,观测期间总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)浓度为37.05~324.14μg·m^(-3),平均浓度为112.44μg·m^(-3),烷烃是最主要的组成部分(占比达36.88%~44.15%),其次是卤代烃、含氧VOCs(OVOCs)、芳香烃、烯烃和乙炔.VOCs总浓度日变化趋势为上午和夜间高,中午和下午低,该结果受凌晨时段柴油货车尾气排放和白天光化学作用的影响较为明显.观测期间VOCs的平均臭氧生成潜势(OFP)为(253.78±69.45)μg·m^(-3),平均二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(AFP)为(1.13±0.51)μg·m^(-3).其中,芳香烃对OFP和AFP贡献率最大,分别为40.47%和93.71%.需重点关注间/对-二甲基苯、邻-二甲基苯、丙烯和甲苯等高活性物种.非致癌风险与致癌风险的估算结果表明,青岛港区路边大气VOCs对暴露人群具有健康风险.To get the VOCs characteristics at the roadside and deeply understand the impact of the heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust emissions,we conducted sampling campaign at four sites in Qingdao port area in October 2021.The concentrations,compositions,diurnal variation characteristics,photochemical reactivity characteristics and health risk assessment of VOCs were discussed based on the measurements of 107 VOC species.The concentration of TVOCs observed in this study ranged from 37.05~324.14μg·m^(-3) with the mean value of 112.44μg·m^(-3).Alkanes comprised the dominant proportion(36.88%~44.15%)among six VOC groups,followed by the halohydrocarbons,oxygenated VOCs(OVOCs),aromatics,alkenes and acetylene.The concentration of TVOCs exhibited higher values in the morning and night,with lower values in the noon and afternoon,which might relate to the diesel truck exhaust emissions in the early morning and photochemical effects in the daytime.Ozone formation potential(OFP)of VOCs was(253.78±69.45)μg·m^(-3),secondary organic aerosol formation potential(AFP)of VOCs was(1.13±0.51)μg·m^(-3).Aromatics contributed the great potential for OFP and AFP.Highly active species such as m/p-xylene,o-xylene,propene and toluene should attract more attention.Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk estimates were also conducted,which showed that the VOCs’cumulative health risk was above the safety level to exposed population.

关 键 词：挥发性有机物(VOCs) 臭氧生成潜势(OFP) 二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(AFP) 健康风险评价 路边观测 青岛 重型货车 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]