陕北矿区河流沉积物重金属的生态风险源定量解析  

Quantitative analysis of ecological risk sources of heavy metals in river sediments of northern Shaanxi Mining area,China

作　　者：张亚宁 吴喜军 董颖[1] 赵健 刘静[1] ZHANG Yaning;WU Xijun;DONG Ying;ZHAO Jian;LIU Jing(School of Civil Engineering,Yulin University,Yulin 719000;State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012)

机构地区：[1]榆林学院建筑工程学院,榆林719000 [2]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048 [3]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第6期238-246,共9页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.52169006,51969031);陕西省科技创新团队(No.2022TD-08);陕西省教育厅重点科研计划项目(No.22JS045);陕西省重点研发计划项目(No.2021SF-442)。

摘　　要：以陕北矿区腹地的窟野河为研究对象,采集59处沉积物样品,测定Zn、Cr、Ni、Cu、Pb、As、Cd和Hg共8种沉积物重金属含量.运用正定矩阵分解法(PMF)定量解析重金属的来源,并对各个污染源的生态风险贡献率进行了分析.结果表明:(1)沉积物中8种重金属含量均超过陕西省土壤背景值,其中Hg的平均值为背景值的3.42倍,且总浓度高值样点主要位于中上游的工业园区周边.(2)综合潜在生态风险指数为26.15~483.70,Hg的贡献最大(主要为煤炭开采源),部分样点高达75%,其次是Cd(交通源);研究区28.8%样点属于较重生态风险.(3)PMF源解析表明研究区沉积物重金属主要来自于工业源、交通源、农业污染源和煤炭开采源.(4)PMF-RI风险源解析结果表明,煤炭开采源(48.79%)对生态系统的影响最大,其次是交通源(34.41%)和工业源(12.70%),农业污染源的贡献率最低(4.10%).PMF-RI模型在PMF解析的污染源贡献浓度基础上,还综合考虑了污染物的毒性系数等因素,使解析结果更加合理.建议对矿区河流沉积物重金属开展生态风险源定量评估研究,并及时采取适当的风险防范措施.This study collected 59 sediment samples from Kuye River in the hinterland of the northern Shaanxi mining area,and determined the contents of 8 kinds of heavy metals in the sediments including Zn,Cr,Ni,Cu,Pb,As,Cd and Hg.The positive matrix factorization(PMF)model was used to quantitatively analyze the sources of heavy metals and their ecological risk contribution rates.The results showed that:①heavy metal contents exceeded soil background values in Shaanxi Province,with Hg having an average value 3.42 times higher than the background value.Samples with high total concentration were mainly located around the industrial parks in the middle and upper reaches.②The comprehensive potential ecological risk index ranged from 26.15 to 483.70,with Hg(mainly from coal mining sources)contributing up to 75%in some sample sites,followed by Cd at traffic sources;28.8%of the sample sites in the study area had relatively serious ecological risks.③The PMF source analysis revealed that heavy metals came from industrial sources,traffic sources,agricultural pollution sources and coal mining sources.④PMF-RI risk source analysis results showed that coal mining(48.79%)had the greatest impact on the ecosystem,followed by transportation(34.41%)and industrial(12.70%)sources,while agricultural pollution had the lowest contribution rate at 4.10%.PMF-RI model comprehensively considered factors such as the toxicity coefficient of pollutants on the basis of the contribution concentration of pollution sources analyzed by PMF,which made the analysis results more reasonable.Thus,it is suggested that quantitative assessment of ecological risk sources should be conducted for heavy metals in river sediments in mining areas,along with timely implementation of appropriate prevention measures against these risks.

关 键 词：窟野河 重金属 源解析 生态风险 PMF-RI风险源解析模型 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4