超大型铁路旅客车站突发大客流应急处置措施优化  

Optimization of Emergency Response to Sudden Large Passenger Flows at Super-large Railway Passenger Stations

作　　者：王高磊 李子林 WANG Gaoei;LI Ziin(Railway Safety Research Center,China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China;Railway Science&Technology Research&Development Center,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Scientific&Technical Information Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国国家铁路集团有限公司铁路安全研究中心,北京100081 [2]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道科学技术研究发展中心,北京100081 [3]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科学技术信息研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁路》2023年第6期7-13,共7页China Railway

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(P2021T002-2);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司青年基金项目(2021YJ034)。

摘　　要：大型铁路旅客车站突发大客流应急处置是我国铁路行业当前亟待研究解决的重要问题。根据当前铁路旅客车站设计规范要求,结合铁路旅客车站发展实际,提出超大型铁路旅客车站定义。在对近年来超大型铁路旅客车站应对突发大客流实际案例梳理和分析的基础上,基于鱼骨图分析法对铁路旅客车站突发大客流形成的原因进行分析,并对铁路旅客车站突发大客流等级进行划分。结合当前超大型铁路旅客车站突发大客流应急处置实际,引入危机管理周期理论,将铁路旅客车站突发大客流事件作为危机事件,分别从强化事前预警、优化事中流程和重视事后分析3个阶段,对突发大客流应急处置工作提出优化对策。研究可为超大型铁路旅客车站突发大客流应急处置水平提升提供参考。The emergency response to sudden large passenger flows at large railway passenger stations remain an important issue that needs to be studied and solved urgently in the railway industry in China.The definition of a super-large railway passenger station is put forward according to the design requirements in specifications for railway passenger stations at present and in combination with the actual progress of railway passenger stations.On the basis of sorting out and analyzing the actual cases of super-large railway passenger stations dealing with sudden large passenger flows in recent years,this paper analyzes the reasons for the formation of sudden large passenger flows at railway passenger stations by virtue of the fishbone diagram analysis method,and classifies it correspondently.In line with the actual status of emergency response to sudden large passenger flows at super-large railway passenger stations at present,this paper introduces the crisis management cycle theory and puts forward optimization countermeasures for the emergency response to sudden large passenger flows from three stages,namely strengthening early warning,optimizing in-process procedures,and paying attention to post-event analysis respectively by taking sudden large passenger flow events at railway passenger stations as crisis events,which can provide a reference for improving the level of emergency response to sudden large passenger flows at super-large railway passenger stations.

关 键 词：铁路安全 铁路旅客车站 超大型旅客车站 突发大客流 应急处置 

分 类 号：U291.6[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]