播期和种植密度对不同熟性棉花生理特性及产量的影响  

Effects of sowing date and planting density on physiological characteristics and yield of cotton with different maturity properties

作　　者：李侃 谢章书 何玉玺 杨丹 许豆豆 覃业玲 李佳芮 周成轩 朱方歌 郭歌 贺云新[3] 刘爱玉[1,2] 周仲华 LI Kan;XIE Zhangshu;HE Yuxi;YANG Dan;XU Doudou;QIN Yeling;LI Jiarui;ZHOU Chengxuan;ZHU Fangge;GUO Ge;HE Yunxin;LIU Aiyu;ZHOU Zhonghua(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Hunan Institute of Cotton Science,Changde,Hunan 415101,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]教育部作物生理与分子生物学重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南省棉花科学研究所,湖南常德415101

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期260-267,共8页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划(2020NK2023);湖南省棉花产业技术体系栽培与良种繁育岗位专家项目(湘农发[2022]31号);湖南省农业农村厅项目(湘财建指[2022]51号)。

摘　　要：以棉花早熟品种‘湘K27’和‘JX0010’为试验材料,以晚熟品种‘HN127’为对照,分别设置2个种植密度(2000株/(667 m^(2)))、3000株/(667 m^(2))和2个播期(5月25日、6月5日),于2021年在湖南农业大学耘园基地进行大田试验,通过测定其生理生化指标和产量构成因素,研究不同种植密度和播期对棉花产量的影响。结果表明:早熟直播棉较晚熟品种SPAD值高;晚熟品种SOD活性总体高于早熟品种,晚播较早播在蕾期到花铃期时能显著提高棉花的SOD活性;从POD活性来看,早熟棉较优;从MDA含量来看,在早播和高种植密度条件下,营养生长期(蕾期)以晚熟品种表现较佳,生殖生长期(花铃期)以早熟品种‘JX0010’最优;品种极显著影响单铃质量、单株铃数和产量,且均表现为早熟品种优于晚熟品种。综合分析,早播有利于提高早熟棉产量,增加种植密度虽在一定程度上可提高产量,但增产潜力不大。Early maturing varieties‘Xiang K27’and‘JX0010’were used as test materials with the control conventional late maturing varieties‘HN127’in this study,two densities(2000 plants/(667 m^(2))),3000 plants/(667 m^(2))and two sowing dates(May 25,June 5)were set up to conduct field experiments in the Hunan Agricultural University farm base in 2021.The physiological and biochemical indices and yield components were collected to investigate the effect of planting densities and sowing dates on the cotton yields.The results showed that the SPAD value of early maturing direct seeding cotton was higher,and the SOD activity was lower.Compared with early sowing,late sowing could significantly improve the SOD activities of different cotton varieties from bud stage to flower and boll stage.From the POD activity,early maturing cotton was the best.From the MDA content,under the conditions of early sowing and high density,the conventional late maturing varieties were the best at the vegetative growth stage(bud stage),and the early maturing varieties were the best at the reproductive growth stage(flower and boll stage).Different varieties significantly affected the single boll weight and number of bolls per plant,and then significantly affected the cotton yield.Early maturing varieties were superior to conventional late maturing varieties,and the yield of early maturing cotton was the highest.Comprehensive analysis showed that early sowing could improve the yield of early maturing cotton.Although the density could make up for the yield loss to a certain extent,the potential was small.

关 键 词：棉花 熟性 种植密度 播期 生理特性 产量 

分 类 号：S562.04[农业科学—作物学]