嵊州桃形李褐腐病病原菌的鉴定和防治药剂的筛选  

Identification of the brown rot pathogen from Shengzhou nane fruit and screening of highly effective fungicide

作　　者：曾晴 叶思思 谢世莹 陈姿伊 叶百慧 杨国[1] 郭天荣[1] 莫亿伟[1] ZENG Qing;YE Sisi;XIE Shiying;CHEN Ziyi;YE Baihui;YANG Guo;GUO Tianrong;MO Yiwei(School of Life and Environmental Sciences,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing,Zhejiang 312000,China)

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院生命与环境科学学院,浙江绍兴312000

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期321-328,共8页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：浙江省科学技术厅浙江省自然科学基金委基础公益研究计划项目(LGN22C150002、LGN20C150004)。

摘　　要：从感染褐腐病的嵊州桃形李果实中分离得到1株病原菌TXLHFJ–2,利用内转录间隔区(ITS)、延伸因子(TEF–1α)基因、β–微管蛋白基因序列比对和形态学进行鉴定,发现该菌株为美澳型核果褐腐菌(Monilinia fructicola),该菌株最适生长温度为22.5℃。在PDA培养基上,加入6种杀菌剂(戊唑醇、甲基硫菌灵、异菌脲、苯醚甲环唑、啶酰菌胺和代森锌)进行室内防效试验,发现5.0 mg/L戊唑醇、5.0 mg/L甲基硫菌灵、5.0 mg/L异菌脲、25.0 mg/L苯醚甲环唑、90.0 mg/L啶酰菌胺、100.0 mg/L代森锌均可完全抑制褐腐菌生长,经杀菌剂处理后,再用健那绿B和线粒体红色荧光探针染色发现,经杀菌剂处理的菌丝的绿色和红色荧光强度均显著低于对照组的;再经碘化丙锭(PI)染色发现,杀菌剂处理后的菌丝的红色荧光强度均比对照组的强,说明6种杀菌剂处理均可使褐腐病病原菌的细胞膜完整性受损,降低线粒体膜电位形成,从而抑制菌落生长。甲基硫菌灵、戊唑醇和苯醚甲环唑对病原菌表现出良好的田间防效,分别为81.63%、80.49%和79.98%,但三者无显著差异,基于农药管理办法,建议使用苯醚甲环唑防控桃形李果实褐腐病。The fungal pathogen(TXLHFJ-2)causing brown rot fruit of Shengzhou nane was isolated and purified by tissue isolation method from the diseased fruits.The pathogen was identified as Monilinia fructicola by morphological characteristics and polygenic joint sequence analysis including fragment of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region(ITS),translation elongation factor-1(TEF-1α)andβ-tubulin.Further observation revealed the optimum temperature for Monilinia fructicola growth was 22.5℃.Six fungicides added to PDA medium respectively were screened indoors to evaluate the control effect on Monilinia fructicola,and the results showed that 5.0 mg/L tebuconazole,5.0 mg/L thiophanate methyl,5.0 mg/L iprodione,25.0 mg/L difenoconazole,90.0 mg/L boscalid and 100.0 mg/L zineb could completely inhibit the mycelia growth.In order to clarify the antifungal mechanism,Janus green B,Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos and Propidium bromide(PI)solution were used to stain mycelia after fungicides treatments.The results showed that compared to the control,fluorescence intensity in mycelia stained by Janus green B,Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos was obviously weaker,while red fluorescence intensity stained by PI was stronger in fungicide treated group.The above results showed that six fungicides could destroy the cell membrane integrity of Monilinia fructicola,and reduce the formation of mitochondrial membrane potential,thereby inhibit the pathogen growth.Field experiment indicated that thiophanate methyl,tebuconazole,and difenoconazole showed excellent antifugal efficacy,with 81.63%,80.49%,and 79.98%,respectively.However,based on pesticide management measures of China,difenoconazole was recommended as the suitable fungicide for controlling Monilinia fructicola causing brown rot in Shenzhou nane fruits in practice.

关 键 词：嵊州桃形李 褐腐菌 杀菌剂 抑菌机制 苯醚甲环唑 

分 类 号：S436.62[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]