灌云县2021年入托儿童预防接种证查验及乙肝抗体检测结果分析  

Analysis of Vaccination Certificate Checking and Hepatitis B Antibody Test Results of Children Entering Nursery School in 2021 in Guanyun County

作　　者：黄红艳 赵芹 赵百玲 HUANG Hongyan;ZHAO Qin;ZHAO Bailing(Guanyun County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guanyun,Jiangsu Province,222200 China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省灌云县疾病预防控制中心,江苏灌云222200

出　　处：《中国卫生产业》2023年第6期200-203,共4页China Health Industry

摘　　要：目的了解灌云县幼托机构预防接种证查验情况及入托儿童乙型病毒性肝炎表面抗体(乙肝抗体)水平,为幼托机构预防和控制疾病提供科学依据。方法2021年9—10月,在灌云县辖区内按东、西、南、北4个方位,每个方位随机抽取2个镇街,每个镇街随机抽取1个幼托机构,选取新入托3周岁儿童作为研究对象,查验其预防接种证持有和适龄疫苗接种情况。根据儿童监护人知情自愿同意的原则,采集入托儿童血样标本,采用双抗原夹心酶联免疫吸附实验法进行乙肝抗体检测。结果8所幼托机构共有481名新入托3周岁儿童,预防接种证持有率96.05%(462/481)。杨集镇和南岗镇幼托机构新入托儿童预防接种证持证率100.00%,下车镇幼托机构儿童持证率最低,仅为87.50%。有26名儿童89针剂次疫苗未接种,漏种率5.41%(26/481)。疫苗漏种率居前3位的为小伊镇(16.00%)、杨集镇(14.29%)和东王集镇(13.89%),伊山镇漏种率最低,仅为2.48%。除3名儿童因患有先天性心脏病、血小板减少性紫癜漏种疫苗未补种外,其余23名儿童均完成了相应剂次疫苗补种,疫苗补种率88.46%(23/26)。伊山镇、东王集镇疫苗补种率仅为75.00%和80.00%,其余6个镇街疫苗补种率均达100.00%。共采集459名入托儿童血样,乙肝抗体总阳性率为84.53%(388/459)。男童乙肝抗体阳性率为83.26%(199/239),而女童则为85.91%(189/220),两者比较差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.613,P=0.434)。不同单位幼托机构入托儿童乙肝抗体阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=25.339,P=0.001)。结论加强卫教合作、依托社区大力开展健康教育是提高预防接种证查验和疫苗补种知晓的关键之举。建议将乙肝抗体检测作为入托入学儿童健康体检项目,及时消除免疫空白,切实降低乙肝发病率。Objective To understand the situation of vaccination certificate checking and the level of hepatitis B surface antibody("hepatitis B antibody")among children enrolled in child care institutions in Guanyun County.Provide scientific basis for disease prevention and control in childcare institutions.Methods From September to October,2021,two towns and one child care institution were randomly selected in each of the four directions:east,west,south,and north in the jurisdiction of Guanyun County,and newly enrolled children aged 3 years old were selected as the study subjects to check their vaccination certificates and age-appropriate vaccination status.Blood samples were collected from children enrolled in the nursery according to the principle of informed and voluntary consent of their guardians.A double antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to test for hepatitis B antibodies.Results A total of 481 newly enrolled 3-year-old children were enrolled in the 8 childcare institutions,and the vaccination certificate possession rate was 96.05%(462/481).Yangji town and Nangang town had 100.00%of newly enrolled children with vaccination certificates,while the rate of children with certificates in the Xiache town was the lowest at 87.50%.There were 26 children who did not receive 89 doses of vaccine,with a 5.41%omission rate(26/481).The top three vaccine omission rates were in Xiaoyi town(16.00%),Yangji town(14.29%)and Dongwangji town(13.89%),while the lowest rate was in Yishan town(2.48%).Except for 3 children who missed vaccination due to congenital heart disease and thrombocytopenic purpura,the remaining 23 children completed the corresponding doses of vaccination,with a vaccination coverage rate of 88.46%(23/26).Yishan town and Dongwangji town had only 75.00%and 80.00%of vaccine replenishment rate,while the remaining 6 towns and streets had 100.00%of vaccine replenishment rate.A total of 459 blood samples were collected from children enrolled in nursery school,and the total positive rate of hepatitis B

关 键 词：入托儿童 预防接种证 查验 乙肝表面抗体 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]