生态输水条件下额济纳河水沙特征  

Streamflow and sediment characteristics of Ejina River under ecological water transportation

作　　者：张家玲 刘诗奇 王田野 王平[1,2] 于静洁 阿拉腾图雅[4] ZHANG Jialing;LIU Shiqi;WANG Tianye;WANG Ping;YU Jingjie;Alatengtuya(Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Wuhai Hydrology and Water Resources Sub-Center of Alxa,Bayanhot 750306,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]郑州大学水利科学与工程学院,郑州450001 [4]阿拉善乌海水文水资源分中心,内蒙古巴彦浩特750306

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技（中英文）》2023年第3期531-540,共10页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会与俄罗斯科学基金会合作研究项目(42061134017);国家自然科学基金项目(42071042,41877165)。

摘　　要：为定量描述内陆河下游河流水沙变化特征,基于额济纳河实测径流数据(1988—2020年)和泥沙数据(2006—2020年),系统分析额济纳河多年水沙变化特征以及生态输水条件下流量变化对额济纳河含沙量输出特征影响。结果表明:自2000年生态输水后,额济纳河输水期延长,且径流量由生态输水前的急剧下降转为显著上升的态势;至2020年,额济纳东、西河的年均流量均已恢复至20世纪80年代末水平;2006—2020年额济纳河年输沙量呈现下降趋势(−0.3万t/a),其中东河多年平均输沙量约37.6万t,为西河的2.4倍,且主要受径流量、输水期及河水含沙量的影响。水沙变化特征分析表明,含沙量与流量呈显著正相关,河流泥沙在低流量时期(春、冬季)沉积,等到高流量时期(夏、秋季)便引发强输沙(含沙量>5 kg/m^(3))或中输沙(含沙量>1 kg/m^(3))事件。含沙量不仅会随流量增加而不断增大,且其增幅受流量增速与前期高流量输水事件影响显著。本研究结果可为额济纳河生态输水管理和未来绿洲生态环境变化预测提供理论支撑。Ejina oasis is located in Alxa Ejina Banner in the western Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China.As the first line of ecological defense in north and northwest China,Ejina oasis plays an important role in the economic and social development of north and northwest China,despite its fragile ecological environment.In the latter half of the 20th century,due to the excessive exploitation and utilization of the middle and upper reaches of the Heihe River,the flowing period of the Ejina River was greatly shortened,while the degradation of vegetation and ecosystem of Ejina oasis was accompanied by the severe sandstorms in north China.In order to contain the further ecological deterioration of the lower reaches of Heihe River,the ecological water transfer project was implemented in 2000,since the man-made intermittent water transfer significantly alleviated the ecological deterioration trend of Ejina oasis.Sediment and pollutants flow into the East Juyan Lake along with the runoff,resulting in sedimentation,water quality deterioration and evaporation increasement.Therefore,the analysis of the variation characteristics of streamflow and sediment in the Ejina River is one of the important contents of oasis ecological protection and water distribution management.According to the characteristics of water transport in Ejina oasis,a year is divided into three periods:dry period(no water flow),water transport period(no sand flow)and sediment transport period(sand flow).Based on the daily surface runoff data from 1988 to 2020 and the daily river sediment data from 2006 to 2020 observed at the Donghe and Xihe River sections of Langxin Mountain Hydrological Station,the annual and interannual changes of runoff and sediment in different periods were analyzed by comparative analysis,regression analysis and mathematical statistics.The discharge of Ejina River has obvious seasonal variation,as well the discharge in summer and autumn is significantly higher than that in spring and winter.While the average discharge in spring,summer a

关 键 词：生态输水 额济纳河 径流 含沙量 干旱区 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]