氮素浓度对无土栽培韭菜产量与硝酸盐含量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen concentration on yield and nitrate content of Chinese chive in soilless culture

作　　者：华仁锐 孙世海 张卫华 刘玉玲 尹超群 张萌 Hua Renrui;Sun Shihai;Zhang Weihua;Liu Yuling;Yin Chaoqun;Zhang Meng(College of Horticulture and Landscape,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300392,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院园艺园林学院,天津300392

出　　处：《天津农学院学报》2023年第2期18-22,26,共6页Journal of Tianjin Agricultural University

基　　金：天津市科技计划项目(16ZXBFNC00010)。

摘　　要：为研究韭菜无土栽培营养液氮素浓度对韭菜产量、硝酸盐含量、氮肥利用率及韭菜生长的影响,并为韭菜水培营养液配方的研发提供依据,以韭菜‘棚宝’二年生植株为试材,以珍珠岩为栽培基质,分别采用不同氮素浓度(6、8、10、12、14、16和18 mmol/L)的营养液进行韭菜无土栽培,观测了韭菜生长发育情况。结果表明:当营养液氮素浓度较低时,提高氮素浓度,韭菜产量显著增长,继续提高氮素浓度,则韭菜产量增长变缓,表现出明显的边际效应,总产量以氮素浓度为16 mmol/L时最高,为5078.1 kg/667m2;韭菜食用部分的硝酸盐含量与营养液氮素浓度呈显著正相关,在氮素浓度6~18 mmol/L范围内,其随着营养液氮素浓度的提高而增大;当氮素浓度超过14 mmol/L时,随着氮素浓度的提高,韭菜硝酸盐含量的增长速率明显高于韭菜产量的增长速率,同时氮肥利用率下降;只有当氮素浓度低于14 mmol/L时,韭菜硝酸盐含量才低于1500 mg/kg;提高营养液氮素浓度,也显著提高了韭菜植株全氮含量、促进了韭菜的分蘖、使植株变高。综合权衡韭菜品质、产量及氮素利用率,韭菜珍珠岩无土栽培营养液最佳氮素浓度为10~12 mmol/L。In order to study the effect of nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution on the yield,nitrate content,nitrogen utilization efficiency and growth of Chinese chive in soilless culture,and provide a basis for the research and development of nutrient solution formula for Chinese chive in hydroponic,the nutrient solutions with different nitrogen concentrations(6,8,10,12,14,16 and 18 mmol/L)were used for Chinese chive cultivation respectively with perlite being used as the matrixin and the biennial plant of Chinese chive‘Pengbao’being used as the test material,and the growth and development of Chinese chives were observed.The results showed that the yield of Chinese chives increased significantly as the nitrogen concentration was increased,but the rate of yield increase of Chinese chives slowed down when the nitrogen concentration was more increased,which showed a significant marginal utility.The total yield was the highest when the nitrogen concentration was 16 mmol/L,which was 5078.1 kg/667m2.The nitrate content in the edible parts of Chinese chives was significantly positively correlated with the nitrogen concentration of nutrient solution,and it increased with the increase of nitrogen concentration in the range of nitrogen concentration from 6 to 18 mmol/L.The growth rate of nitrate content in Chinese chives was significantly higher than that of the yield with the increase of nitrogen concentration when the nitrogen concentration exceeded 14 mmol/L.At the same time,nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate decreased.The nitrate content of Chinese chives was lower than 1500 mg/kg only when the nitrogen concentration was lower than 14 mmol/L.The total nitrogen content of Chinese chive plants also increased significantly with the increasing of the nitrogen concentration of nutrient solution.The optimum nitrogen concentration of the nutrient solution was 10-12 mmol/L for Chinese chive in perlite soilless culture to weigh the quality,yield and nitrogen utilization of Chinese chives comprehensively.

关 键 词：韭菜 氮素浓度 硝酸盐含量 产量 无土栽培 

分 类 号：S633.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]