基于水足迹的山东省农业水土资源匹配特征及短缺压力分析  

Analysis of matching characteristics and scarcity of agricultural water and land resources in Shandong Province based on water footprint

作　　者：张雯 刘倩倩 王慧 陈彬 ZHANG Wen;LIU Qianqian;WANG Hui;CHEN Bin(Institute of Environment and Ecology,Shandong Normal University,Ji′nan 250358,China;School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,Hebei Univers;ity of Engineering,Handan 056038,China 3 School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学环境与生态研究院,济南250358 [2]河北工程大学能源与环境工程学院,邯郸056038 [3]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875

出　　处：《生态学报》2023年第12期4943-4953,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(72004126);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA2010010405);国家杰出青年科学基金项目(71725005);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2019M662430)。

摘　　要：高强度农业开发引起的农业水土资源生态问题日益增多,探究粮食及蔬菜(粮蔬)生产中水土资源空间配置及短缺压力对农业资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。从水足迹视角出发,分析了山东省3种主要粮食作物(冬小麦、玉米及大豆)和两种不同种植模式蔬菜(设施蔬菜和露地蔬菜)的生产水足迹空间特征;同时将资源数量及资源质量的概念纳入研究框架,分析了农业水土资源数量及质量匹配格局差异,并进一步探究了农业水土资源短缺压力及其影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)2019年,山东省粮食和蔬菜的生产总水足迹为811亿m^(3),其中粮食生产总水足迹占比78.50%,蔬菜生产总水足迹占比21.50%;粮蔬生产水足迹受地势影响明显,鲁西北及鲁西南平原地区的粮蔬生产水足迹占比较大。(2)考虑资源数量的水土资源匹配系数均值为0.622×10^(4) m^(3)/hm^(2),考虑资源质量的匹配系数均值为0.416×10^(4) m^(3)/hm^(2);水土资源数量及质量匹配系数在空间上呈现出一致性,表明山东省农业生产水土资源空间配置水平高的地区同时面临着较大的农业面源污染压力。(3)整体上,土地资源短缺压力略高于水资源短缺压力;基于生产视角的水土资源短缺压力受生产环境因素制约显著,受经济发展因素的影响具有差异性,社会因素对水土资源短缺压力无显著影响。研究可为农业资源可持续管理提供数据基础,为全面理解粮蔬生产所产生的水土资源短缺提供案例参考。The ecological problems of agricultural water and land resources caused by high-intensity agricultural development have been gradually increasing worldwide,such as the excessive exploitation of shallow groundwater,the shortage of cultivated land resources and the intensification of non-point source pollution.It is of great significance to explore the spatial allocation and shortage pressure of water and land resources in grain and vegetable production for sustainable utilization of the agricultural resources.In this paper,Shandong Province,a typical major grain-producing region and vegetable production base in China,was selected as the case study to explore the spatial allocation and scarcity of water and land resources in crop production(including grains and vegetables).The results will also play an important role of demonstration and reference for the sustainable utilization and management of water and land resources in other provinces.The spatial characteristics of water footprint of three main grain crops(winter wheat,corn and soybean)and vegetables with two different planting patterns(protected vegetables and open field vegetables)firstly were analyzed.Then the concept of resource quantity and resource quality was introduced to analyze the matching pattern differences of quantity and quality of agricultural water and land resources.Finally,the scarcity of agricultural water and land resources and its influencing factors were further explored.The results showed that:(1)the water footprint of grains and vegetables differed greatly,and soybean had the highest water footprint,followed by wheat and corn.The water footprint of vegetable was much smaller than that of grains,and the water footprint of open field vegetables was higher than that of protected vegetables.In 2019,the total water footprint of grain and vegetable production in Shandong Province was 81.1 billion m3,of which water footprint of grain production accounted for 78.50%,vegetable production accounted for 21.50%.The water footprint of grain and veg

关 键 词：水足迹 水土资源 匹配 短缺压力 空间异质性 

分 类 号：F323.213[经济管理—产业经济] F326.1