采砂活动影响下鄱阳湖水陆交错带形态及景观格局变化  

Morphology and landscape pattern changes of the aquatic terrestrial ecotone of Poyang Lake under the influence of sand mining activities

作　　者：欧明辉 钟业喜[1] 马宏智 冯兴华[1] 肖泽平 OU Minghui;ZHONG Yexi;MA Hongzhi;FENG Xinghua;XIAO Zeping(School of Geography and Environment,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学地理与环境学院,南昌330022

出　　处：《生态学报》2023年第11期4570-4582,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41961043);江西省教育厅研究生创新基金项目(YC2021-B059);鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室(江西师范大学)开放基金项目(PK2020006)。

摘　　要：自长江干流限制无序采砂后,大量采砂船涌入鄱阳湖区作业导致水陆交错带形态与景观均发生明显的改变,人类活动深刻影响着鄱阳湖水陆交错带的稳定性。基于Landsat TM/OLI遥感影像数据,定量测算采砂活动对鄱阳湖水陆交错带形态和景观格局产生的影响,结果表明:①草滩与滩涂之间转化最为频繁,水域面积缩小,水陆交错带范围扩大;②东岸线和西岸线呈侵蚀状态,湖心岸线快速收缩;③鄱阳湖水陆交错带形状逐渐变得简单,而入江通道形状复杂化程度提高,其几何形态不规则化;④景观类型层次上,滩涂的破碎度最大,形状最为复杂,农田的破碎度和形状复杂程度最小,集聚性最强,草滩的连通性最好,沙地的景观指数幅度变化最大;⑤鄱阳湖水陆交错带破碎化程度逐渐降低,景观形状越来越复杂,景观多样性减少,整体连通性和集聚性增强;⑥采砂规模与鄱阳湖水陆交错带的形态指数呈负相关,与景观形状指数和入江通道的形态指数呈正相关,其均通过显著检验。Since the restriction of uncontrolled sand mining in the main stream of Yangtze River,a large number of sand dredging vessels have been flooded into Poyang Lake area,resulting in obvious changes in the morphology and landscape of the aquatic terrestrial ecotone.Human activities have profoundly affected the stability of the aquatic terrestrial ecotone of Poyang Lake.Based on Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing image data,the impact of sand mining activities on the morphology and landscape pattern of the aquatic terrestrial ecotone of Poyang Lake was measured quantitatively.The results showed that(1)the transformation between grassland and mudflat was the most frequent.The fluctuation of water area decreased and the scope of the aquatic terrestrial ecotone expanded.(2)The eastern and western shorelines were eroded,and the shoreline in the center of the lake was rapidly shrinking.(3)The shape of the aquatic terrestrial ecotone of Poyang Lake has simplified gradually,while the complexity of the shape of the river entry channel has increased,and its geometry has become irregular.(4)At the level of landscape types,the fragmentation degree of the mudflat landscape was the largest and its shape was the most complex.The fragmentation degree and shape complexity of farmland was the smallest and its agglomeration was the strongest.The connectivity of grassland was the best.The landscape index of sandy land had the largest change in magnitude.(5)The fragmentation degree of the aquatic terrestrial ecotone of Poyang Lake gradually decreased,the shape became increasingly complex,the landscape diversity decreased,and the overall connectivity and agglomeration increased.(6)The scale of sand mining was negatively correlated with the shape index of the aquatic terrestrial ecotone of Poyang Lake,and positively correlated with the landscape shape index and the shape index of the river entry channel,all of which passed the significant test.

关 键 词：采砂活动 鄱阳湖水陆交错带 入江通道 形态 景观格局指数 相关性 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]