城市遗存山体植被群落特征对不同人为干扰方式及强度的响应  

Response of plant community characteristics of urban remnant mountains to different ways and intensity of artificial disturbance

作　　者：孙玉真 王志泰[1,2] 包玉[1,2] 魏文飞 杨兴艺 SUN Yuzhen;WANG Zhitai;BAO Yu;WEI Wenfei;YANG Xingyi(College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Landscape Architecture Planning and Design Research Center,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学风景园林规划设计研究中心,贵阳550025

出　　处：《生态学报》2023年第11期4632-4650,共19页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：贵州省科学技术基金重点项目(黔科合基础[2020]1Z011);贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般458);国家自然科学基金项目(32060367)。

摘　　要：快速城市化发展对城市内植被和生物多样性产生了显著的影响,研究植物群落特征对人为干扰的响应规律可为城市残余生境生态恢复、生物多样性保护及植被的合理开发利用提供科学依据。以典型的喀斯特多山城市贵阳市为研究区域,城市遗存山体为研究对象,基于遥感解译与群落生态学调查和分析等方法,探讨了不同人为干扰方式及强度对城市遗存山体植被特征、群落物种组成和多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)中度人为干扰强度下城市遗存山体植被覆盖度(FVC)和植被净初级生产力(NPP)数值最高;复垦干扰下FVC和NPP值相一致且为最高,中小型公园化利用山体FVC和NPP值完全不一致且NPP最低。(2)不同人为干扰强度和方式下城市遗存山体间的平均物种数和生活型构成均存在显著性差异。整体上城市遗存山体的平均物种数在不同干扰强度下表现为轻度人为干扰>中度人为干扰>重度人为干扰;不同干扰方式下的平均物种数呈现为人为踩踏>构筑物>工程建设>公园化利用>复垦>工程开挖的趋势;重度干扰下城市遗存山体的落叶乔木、灌木占比最高,中度干扰下常绿灌木和多年生草本为主。(3)不同干扰强度下城市遗存山体植物群落垂直结构各层次物种多样性指数均偏低且存在显著性差异,乔木层、灌木层Shannon-Wiener(H′)、Simpson(D)、Margelf(R)指数在中度干扰强度最大,而在草本层均最小;均匀度Pielou(Jh)指数在乔木层和草本层中表现为轻度人为干扰>中度人为干扰>重度人为干扰,而在灌木层完全相反。(4)乔木层4种多样性指数在不同干扰方式下的差异较大;灌木层和草本层的多样性指数在人为踩踏和构筑物建设干扰方式下显著高于其它干扰方式,工程开挖为主的干扰方式下灌木层和草本层多样性各指数均偏低且存在显著性差异。总体而言,轻中度人为干扰对城市遗存山体植物群�The rapid urbanization has significant impacts on vegetation and biodiversity within urban area.Studying the response of plant community characteristics to artificial disturbance could provide scientific basis for ecological restoration,biodiversity protection and rational development and utilization of vegetation in urban remnant habitat.Based on remote sensing interpretation and community ecological investigation and analysis,the effects of different artificial disturbance ways and intensity on the vegetation characteristics,community species composition and diversity of urban remnant mountains(URMs)in Guiyang,a typical karst multi-mountainous city,were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)the URMs fractional vegetation coverage(FVC)and net primary productivity(NPP)were the highest under the moderate disturbance intensity.The FVC and NPP values of the URMs under the disturbance way of reclamation were consistent.The FVC and NPP values of small and medium-sized URMs under the disturbance way of park utilization were completely inconsistent,and their NPP values were the lowest due to the serious disturbance of construction and hard activity sites.(2)There were significant differences in the average number of species and composition among URMs under different disturbance intensity and ways.On the whole,the order of the average number of species of URMs from large to small under different disturbance intensities was light disturbance,moderate disturbance and severe disturbance;the order of the average number of URMs species under different disturbance ways from large to small was human trampling,structures,engineering construction,park utilization,reclamation and engineering excavation;Deciduous trees and shrubs accounted for the highest proportion in URMs under severe disturbance,while evergreen shrubs and perennial herbs dominated URMs under moderate disturbance.(3)Under different disturbance intensities,the species diversity indices of different plant layers were low and there were significant differences.The Sha

关 键 词：遗存山体 植被群落特征 物种多样性 人为干扰 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]