重新认识老龄时代人力资源——基于第七次全国人口普查的中老年女性人口初析  

Human Resources Reconsidered in the Era of Population Ageing:A Preliminary Analysis of Middle-aged and Elderly Women of the Seventh National Census

作　　者：郑真真[1] ZHENG Zhen-zhen(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100710,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院,北京100710

出　　处：《山东女子学院学报》2023年第4期1-8,共8页Journal of Shandong Women＇s University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金专项项目“中国人口转变的独特性、经济影响及政策研究”(项目编号:72141310)。

摘　　要：中老年女性是老龄时代重要的人力资源,中国50~69岁中老年人口规模和占比正在上升,2030—2050年将处于高峰期。根据第七次全国人口普查的结果,中老年女性人口在就业、教育和主要生活来源方面都存在明显的城乡差距。城市中老年女性大多有相对稳定的生活来源且受教育程度较高,但在50岁以后快速退出就业状态。农村中老年女性的受教育程度存在明显的年龄差异,不过各年龄段的就业比例都高于城市,但她们的主要生活来源缺乏保障。在充分调动中老年女性人力资源并提高她们的收入等方面,相关国际经验可资借鉴。Middle-aged and older women are important human resources in the ageing society.The size and proportion of the 50 to 69-year-olds in China is increasing,and will be at its peak in 2030—2050.According to the results of the 2020 Population Census,there is a significant gap between urban and rural areas in terms of employment,education and main sources of livelihood of the middle-aged and older female population.Most of the urban women have a relatively stable source of livelihood and better educated,but they quickly withdraw from employment after the age of 50.There are obvious age gaps in the education of middle-aged and older women in rural areas,but the employment proportion of all age groups is higher than that in urban areas,while their main source of livelihood is not guaranteed.Experiences of developed countries could be learned for fully mobilizing the human resources as well as increasing the income of middle-aged and older women.

关 键 词：中老年女性 劳动参与 老龄社会 人力资源 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学]