中国上古神话中的女神形象--兼论儒家思想对古代女性的规训  

The Image of Goddess in Ancient Chinese Mythology——Also on the Discipline of Confucianism on Ancient Females

作　　者：林玲 黄景春[1] LIN Ling;HUANG Jing-chun(Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学,上海200444

出　　处：《山东女子学院学报》2023年第4期85-91,共7页Journal of Shandong Women＇s University

摘　　要：中国上古神话中的女神具有勇于创造、坚忍抗争、独立自由的精神特质。女娲造人、补天和精卫填海、嫦娥奔月等故事塑造出上古女神征服自然、拯救苍生的女英雄形象。这与封建时代文学书写的温良恭顺、三从四德的妇女形象形成巨大反差。造成这一差异的根本原因,不是女性自我精神的弱化,而是封建社会统治阶层利用儒家传统思想对女性伦理化、社会化规训的结果。儒家通过书写女德女范和叙述女性“三从四德”故事,塑造顺从、依附的妇女典型,并通过社会分工,将妇女限定在家庭服务的角色框架中,呈现于世的是妇女身份的依从性及人格的有限性。The goddess in ancient Chinese mythology has the spiritual characteristics of courage,perseverance and independence.Nv Wa’s making man and mending the sky,Jingwei’s filling the sea,and Chang’e flying to the moon show the heroic image of the ancient goddesses conquering nature and saving the people.This is in great contrast with the image of women who are gentle,obedient and virtuous in feudal literary writing.The difference roots not in the weakening of women’s own physique and spirit,but in the ruling class’s use of Confucianism to discipline women ethically and socially.Confucianism describes the story of women’s“three obedience and four virtues”by writing the models of women’s virtue,shapes the typical obedient and attached women,and confines women to family service through social division of labor,showing the obedience of women’s identity and the limitation of their personality.

关 键 词：上古神话 女神形象 古代女性 儒家思想 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]