关中地区传统民居气候适应性研究  

Climate adaptation of traditional dwellings in the Guanzhong region

作　　者：张蕾[1] 王思思 范小娜 朱轶韵[1] ZHANG Lei;WANG Sisi;FAN Xiaona;ZHU Yiyun(Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学土木建筑工程学院,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《西安理工大学学报》2023年第1期118-124,共7页Journal of Xi'an University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52078419);陕西省科技厅基金资助项目(2022JQ-555)。

摘　　要：传统民居在发展过程中逐渐形成了适应当地气候的建筑特征,但由于缺乏科学技术指导仍存在一定的不足。为挖掘其气候适应性方面的潜能与优势,以我国关中地区传统民居为例,采用Climate Consultant气候分析软件与实地调研测试相结合的方法,总结了当地的气候特征,并对当地传统民居的被动式设计方法及营造机理进行了分析,得到了适宜的建筑被动式策略组合。结果表明,当地传统民居在遮阳、通风及建筑材料选取方面体现出良好的气候适应性,其坡屋顶附带的1.2 m宽挑檐在夏季可以遮挡92%的太阳辐射,庭院宽长比为1∶4时可以有效促进民居内部的自然通风,生土墙体使得传统民居冬季室内温度相较于普通砖混民居高2℃左右。此外,被动式太阳能采暖在当地具有较大利用潜力,为民居增设南向附加阳光间后,南向房间室内平均温度可以提升1.3℃。In the process of development,traditional dwellings have gradually formed architectural features adapted to the local climate;however,there are still some certain deficiencies due to the lack of scientific and technical guidance.The purpose of this study is to exploit the potential and advantages in terms of climate adaptation,with the traditional dwellings in Guanzhong area taken as an example.Using the combination of the climate analysis software Climate Consultant and field research tests,the local climate characteristics are summarized.Besides,the passive design methods and construction mechanisms of local traditional dwellings are analyzed,with suitable combination of passive strategies for buildings obtained.The results show that the local traditional dwellings are well adapted to the climate in terms of shading,ventilation and the choice of building materials.The 1.2 m wide eaves attached to the sloping roof can block 92%of the solar radiation in the summer;when the width to length ratio of the courtyard is 1∶4,it can effectively promote the natural ventilation inside the dwelling;the raw soil walls make the indoor temperature of traditional houses about 2℃higher than that of ordinary brick-concrete houses in winter.Moreover,the passive solar heating has great potential for local utilization,and the average indoor temperature of south-facing rooms can be increased by 1.3℃,after adding a south-facing additional sunshine room for the dwelling.

关 键 词：关中地区 传统民居 气候适应性 被动式策略 

分 类 号：TU111.4[建筑科学—建筑理论]