有限责任公司股权转让限制的反思与重构  

Reflection and Reconstruction on the Limitation of Share Transfer in Limited Liability Companies

作　　者：王晴 Wang Qing

机构地区：[1]天津大学法学院

出　　处：《北京政法职业学院学报》2023年第2期79-87,共9页Journal of Beijing College of Politics and Law

基　　金：天津大学自主创新基金项目“商事指导案例高质量发展研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:2022XS-0142。

摘　　要：有限责任公司股权转让的限制问题是一个争议较大的问题,问题的核心在于股权转让相关主体的利益配置非常复杂。我国《公司法》关于有限责任公司股权转让的规定未能充分考虑各相关主体之间的利益关系,利益配置不清晰导致股权转让受限的合理性遭受质疑,“同意权”和“优先购买权”并存的双重限制模式存在内在逻辑不顺畅的问题,公司章程自治的合法边界也并不明朗。从利益衡量的视角出发,应当明确有限责任公司股权转让受限制度的核心价值,探讨同意权和优先购买权的制度设计意图和不足,采用仅设同意权模式作为有限责任公司股权转让限制规则,确定公司章程限制股权转让的合法边界,设定股权转让的基本标准,并结合平衡利益配置对公司章程股权转让规定的效力做出具体的分析。The restriction on the transfer of equity in a limited liability company is a controversial issue,the core of which lies in the complex allocation of interests of the relevant subjects of equity transfer.The provisions of China's Company Law on the transfer of equity in limited liability companies fail to fully consider the interests of the relevant subjects,and the reasonableness of the restrictions on the transfer of equity has been questioned due to the unclear allocation of interests.The double restriction model of"right of consent"and"right of pre-emption"has a poor internal logic,and the legal boundaries of the autonomy of the company's articles of association are unclear.From the perspective of weighing interests,the core value of the limited liability company equity transfer restriction system should be clarified,the design intent and shortcomings of the right of consent and the right of pre-emption system should be explored,the consent-only model should be adopted as the limited liability company equity transfer restriction rule,the legal boundary of equity transfer restriction in the company's articles of association should be determined,the basic standard of equity transfer should be set,and the effect of the equity transfer provision in the company's articles of association should be combined with the balance of interests.The effect of the transfer provisions of the articles of association should be analyzed in detail.

关 键 词：股权转让限制 利益衡量 同意权 优先购买权 章程自治 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]