星光成像的大气影响研究(Ⅰ):天空偏振  

Atmospheric Effects of Star Imaging(Ⅰ):Sky Polarization

作　　者：陶志炜 戴聪明 武鹏飞 任益充 梅海平 徐文清 徐刚 童杰 冯云松 饶瑞中[1,3] 魏合理 TAO Zhiwei;DAI Congming;WU Pengfei;REN Yichong;MEI Haiping;XU Wenqing;XU Gang;TONG Jie;FENG Yunsong;RAO Ruizhong;WEI Heli(Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics,Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;Infrared and Low Temperature Plasma Key Laboratory of Anhui Province,Electronic Countermeasure College,National University of Defense Technology,Hefei 230037,China;Advanced Laser Technology Anhui Laboratory,Hefei 230037,China;School of Physics,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230601,China;Science Island Branch,Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院,安徽光学精密机械研究所,中国科学院大气光学重点实验室,合肥230031 [2]国防科学技术大学电子对抗学院,红外与低温等离子体安徽省重点实验室,合肥230037 [3]先进激光技术安徽省实验室,合肥230037 [4]合肥工业大学物理学院,合肥230601 [5]中国科学技术大学研究生院科学岛分院,合肥230026

出　　处：《光子学报》2023年第5期104-124,共21页Acta Photonica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2019YFA0706004);中科院合肥物质科学研究院院长基金青年项目(No.YZJJ2023QN05);红外与低温等离子体安徽省重点实验室开放课题资助课题(No.IRKL2023KF05);基础加强计划(No.2020-JCJQ-ZD-136-11)。

摘　　要：工作于近地空间的星敏感器,其观测过程将不可避免受到天空背景辐射、大气湍流以及大气折射的影响。本文是星光成像的大气影响系列文章之一,研究了如何利用偏振滤波技术降低天空背景辐射对恒星成像的影响。基于激光雷达实测数据,计算得到了典型地区整层大气粒子的分布特性及散射特性,结合大气矢量辐射传输模型,研究了天空背景在近红外波段的偏振特性,获得了不同大气条件及观测条件下的天空偏振特性,分析了观测与太阳位置对不同波长天空背景偏振分布的影响。研究表明:使用波长较长且位于吸收带的近红外光进行观测或提升星敏感器的观测高度,可采用偏振滤波技术一定程度上抑制天空背景光。当观测方位角一定时,选取合适的观测角度可以保证在较低太阳高度时能使用偏振滤波技术降低天空背景辐射对星光成像的影响。The rapid development of aerospace technology,such as GPS satellite navigation system,represented by high precision and sensitivity,is gradually gaining wide attention from researchers and replacing traditional radio navigation systems,playing an important role in military defense,space exploration,engineering surveying,air-to-air combat and other fields.However,due to the limitations of traditional electromagnetic theory,satellite navigation technology has relatively weak anti-electronic deception and electromagnetic jamming capabilities.In order to enhance the autonomy and reliability of the navigation system,a passive and strong counter-jamming navigation method,which is named as starlight navigation,has been proposed.In the 1950 s,the advent of star sensors has greatly improved the accuracy of starlight navigation.Star sensors are high-precision attitude-sensitive measuring instruments that measure the star vector component in the star sensor coordinate system by conducting the stellar observation,and determine the three-axis attitude of the carrier relative to the inertial coordinate system using known precise star positions.The high accuracy,strong counter-jamming ability,and independence from other systems of star sensor navigation technology have a wide range of applications and important military value on various airborne,shipborne,and vehicle-mounted platforms in near-earth space.However,as the development of observation platforms and the decrease in the observation height of star sensors in the atmosphere,a star sensor operating in the terrestrial space will inevitably be affected by sky background radiation,atmospheric turbulence,and atmospheric refraction during the observation.This three-part paper aims to extensively reveal these atmospheric effects on stellar observation.In Part I,we investigate how to reduce the effect of sky background radiation on star imaging by using polarization filtering technique.Based on the LIDAR measured data,we calculate the distribution and scattering characteristics

关 键 词：星敏感器 恒星成像 背景辐射 偏振分布 偏振滤波技术 

分 类 号：O439[机械工程—光学工程] O436.2[理学—光学]