星光成像的大气影响研究(Ⅲ):大气折射  

Atmospheric Effects of Star Imaging(Ⅲ):Atmospheric Refraction

作　　者：陶志炜 戴聪明 武鹏飞 任益充 梅海平 冯云松 饶瑞中[1,3] 魏合理 TAO Zhiwei;DAI Congming;WU Pengfei;REN Yichong;MEI Haiping;FENG Yunsong;RAO Ruizhong;WEI Heli(Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics,Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;Infrared and Low Temperature Plasma Key Laboratory of Anhui Province,Electronic Countermeasure College,National University of Defense Technology,Hefei 230037,China;Advanced Laser Technology Anhui Laboratory,Hefei 230037,China;School of Physics,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院,安徽光学精密机械研究所,中国科学院大气光学重点实验室,合肥230031 [2]国防科学技术大学电子对抗学院,红外与低温等离子体安徽省重点实验室,合肥230037 [3]先进激光技术安徽省实验室,合肥230037 [4]合肥工业大学物理学院,合肥230601

出　　处：《光子学报》2023年第5期135-162,共28页Acta Photonica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2019YFA0706004);中科院合肥物质科学研究院院长基金青年项目(No.YZJJ2023QN05);红外与低温等离子体安徽省重点实验室开放课题资助课题(No.IRKL2023KF05);基础加强计划(No.2020-JCJQ-ZD-136-11)。

摘　　要：工作于近地空间的星敏感器,其观测过程将不可避免受到天空背景辐射、大气湍流以及大气折射的影响。本文是星光成像的大气影响系列文章之三,选取最佳星光大气折射模型,研究了星光成像的大气折射影响。利用美国标准大气的参数廓线数据,计算了平面平行大气、整层球面大气以及多层球面大气情况下的折射特性,从计算精度、迭代次数以及算法速度三个方面对比和分析了不同折射计算模型的优缺点,选取了精度和速度最佳的折射计算模型。基于该模型和我国典型地区不同时段实测的大气参数廓线数据,计算了不同观测条件及波长下大气折射引起的折射角、色散、横向位移和路径延长的分布情况,评估了不同大气参数由于输入参数的不确定性对折射计算的影响。研究表明:使用Cassini模型或等折射光线追迹法计算得到的折射角最为准确。提升星敏感器的观测高度或减小星敏感器的观测天顶角,相比于改变观测波长而言能极大程度上减轻星光成像的大气折射影响。除此之外,当输入参数存在噪声和不确定性时,提高温度的测量精度比抑制其他参数的噪声更能有效地减小折射计算的误差。The rapid development of aerospace technology,such as GPS satellite navigation system,represented by high precision and sensitivity,is gradually gaining wide attention from researchers and replacing traditional radio navigation systems,playing an important role in military defense,space exploration,engineering surveying,air-to-air combat and other fields.However,due to the limitations of traditional electromagnetic theory,satellite navigation technology has relatively weak anti-electronic deception and electromagnetic jamming capabilities.In order to enhance the autonomy and reliability of the navigation system,a passive and strong counter-jamming navigation method,which is named as starlight navigation,has been proposed.In the 1950s,the advent of star sensors has greatly improved the accuracy of starlight navigation.Star sensors are high-precision attitude-sensitive measuring instruments that measure the star vector component in the star sensor coordinate system by conducting the stellar observation,and determine the three-axis attitude of the carrier relative to the inertial coordinate system using known precise star positions.The high accuracy,strong counter-jamming ability,and independence from other systems of star sensor navigation technology have a wide range of applications and important military value on various airborne,shipborne,and vehicle-mounted platforms in near-earth space.However,as the development of observation platforms and the decrease in the observation height of star sensors in the atmosphere,a star sensor operating in the terrestrial space will inevitably be affected by sky background radiation,atmospheric turbulence,and atmospheric refraction during the observation.This three-part paper aims to extensively reveal these atmospheric effects on stellar observation.In PartⅢ,we select an optimal atmospheric refraction model for autonomous satellite navigation and study the effect of atmospheric refraction on star imaging.We introduce different models of refractive index and refraction calcul

关 键 词：星敏感器 恒星成像 大气折射 等折射率光线追迹法 折射角 横向位移 路径延长 

分 类 号：O439[机械工程—光学工程] O435.1[理学—光学]