城市生活垃圾收费的全球模式与中国收费方式探析  

Exploring pricing mehods for municipal solid waste of the city between global mode and Chinese mode

作　　者：杜倩倩 马本[2] 马媛媛 DU Qianqian;MA Ben;MA Yuanyuan(Party school of the Haidian District Committee of C.P.C.,Beijing 101400,China;School of Environment and Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Airport economy Management,Beijing Institute of Economics And Management,Beijing 100102,China)

机构地区：[1]中共北京市海淀区委党校,北京100097 [2]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872 [3]北京经济管理职业学院临空经济管理学院,北京100102

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2023年第3期41-48,共8页Environmental Protection Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72103194)。

摘　　要：为探索适合中国城市的生活垃圾收费模式,构建基于环境经济政策功能和成本收益的分析框架,文章梳理了全球城市生活垃圾收费模式及其应用范围。从资金筹集功能、行为调节功能、政策资源投入3个维度评价了每种模式的优缺点和适用性。分析了中国城市垃圾收费现状,发现定额收费是当前的主体模式,计量收费的趋势已经显现。从经济、财政、规模、管理能力、减量压力等维度构建评估指标体系,在城市层面进行聚类分析。结果表明,中国应建立多种收费模式并存、梯级搭配、向计量收费动态转型升级的格局,在这个过程中降低计量收费政策的成本、实现较大的政策净收益至关重要。To explore the domestic solid waste pricing model suitable for Chinese cities,an analysis framework based on environmental economic policy functions and cost-benefit was constructed,and the global urban solid waste pricing model and its application range were sorted out.Together with the applicability of each model,the advantages and disadvantages were evaluated from three dimensions.The current situation of municipal solid waste pricing methods in Chinese cities was analyzed.Based on the dimensions of economy,finance,city scale,management ability,and reducing pressure,we constructed an indicator system to conduct a clustering analysis at the city level.The analysis showed that China should establish diverse patterns of pricing methods for domestic solid waste.The pricing methods should be tailored to the local conditions of specific cities.A dynamic transformation and upgrading process from traditional pricing method to the unit-pricing mode should be motivated and initiated.In this process,reducing the cost of the unit-pricing policy and achieving greater policy net benefit from a cost-benefit perspective was important.

关 键 词：生活垃圾 计量收费 收入功能 行为调节功能 成本收益分析 

分 类 号：X799[环境科学与工程—环境工程]