纳米零价铁材料对放射性核素铀的去除行为研究  

Study on the removal behavior of radionuclide uranium by nanoscale zero valent iron materials

作　　者：王祥学 王敏[1] 段恩喆 孟璐瑶 于淑君 陈岚[1] Xiangxue Wang;Min Wang;Enzhe Duan;Luyao Meng;Shujun Yu;Lan Chen(Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学环境科学与工程系,保定071003 [2]华北电力大学环境科学与工程学院,北京102206

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2023年第6期921-931,共11页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:22276053)资助项目。

摘　　要：核能的快速发展产生了大量含U(Ⅵ)的废水亟待处理.纳米零价铁(nZVI)具有低成本、易制备和丰富的活性位点等优势,近年来被用于水中放射性核素的去除.本文简单介绍了nZVI基材料的制备方法及其在放射性核素U(Ⅵ)去除方面的应用.首先,综述了nZVI基材料常用的制备方法,包括硼氢化物还原法、高能机械球磨法和绿色合成法.进而,总结了溶液pH、反应时间、反应温度和共存离子对U(Ⅵ)去除效果的影响,以及通过光谱分析和理论计算对于nZVI基材料与U(Ⅵ)的微观作用机制的研究.最后对nZVI基材料去除放射性核素U(Ⅵ)的应用前景与技术难点进行分析并给出个人见解,为开发基于nZVI材料去除U(Ⅵ)污染物的技术路线提供参考.The rapid development of nuclear energy has resulted in a large amount of U(Ⅵ)-containing wastewater that needs to be treated.Nanoscale zero valent iron(nZVI)has been used in recent years for radionuclide removal from water due to its low cost,ease of preparation and abundance of active sites.This paper describes the preparation of nZVI-based materials and their application to the removal of the radionuclide U(Ⅵ).Common methods for the preparation of nZVI-based materials,including borohydride reduction,green synthesis,and high-energy mechanical ball milling,are reviewed.The effects of solution pH,reaction time,reaction temperature,and co-existing ions on the removal of U(Ⅵ),and the microscopic interaction mechanism of nZVI-based materials with U(Ⅵ)by spectral analysis and theoretical calculations are summarized.Finally,the application prospects and technical difficulties of nZVI-based materials for the removal of radionuclide U(Ⅵ)are analysed and personal insights are given for the development of a technical route for the removal of U(Ⅵ)contaminants based on nZVI materials.

关 键 词：纳米零价铁 U(Ⅵ) 合成方法 去除机理 分析表征 

分 类 号：X771[环境科学与工程—环境工程]