自我结构:积极知识与消极知识如何结构化的视角  

Self-Structures:The Views on the Organization of Positive and Negative Self-Knowledge

作　　者：白云 宋永宁[1] Bai Yun;Song Yongning(School of Psychology and Cognitive Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《心理科学》2023年第3期554-560,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：上海哲社一般课题(A1812);上海市教委立德树人人文基地项目的资助(2021/2022)。

摘　　要：自我结构是人格心理学的核心概念,了解自我结构的形成过程不仅对了解自我具有重要的理论价值,而且具有重要的临床意义。文章从自我区隔理论与动态系统理论入手,综述了自我结构的形成过程。两个理论分别从不同的角度探究了与自我相关联的积极知识与消极知识结构化这一现象,从而形成了相互补充的研究与解释。文章最后讨论了对自我结构化这一现象进行研究具有启发意义的两个关键问题。This article reviews research on the self-structure especially focusing on how positive and negative self-knowledge(elements)organize across multiple self-aspects.Two related theories on this topic are fully reviewed and discussed,including the Compartmentalization of Self-Knowledge(Showers,1992;Showers&Zeigler-Hill,2012)and the Intrinsic Dynamics of Self-Organization(Nowak et al.,2000).Both theories present similar views on how knowledge categories would emerge from the organization of positive and negative self-knowledge.However,due to the different research approaches,these two theories focus on the different aspects of this phenomenon.The theory of compartmentalization employs a card-sorting task,which contains forty adjective cards(20 positive and 20 negative).In this task,participants are asked to describe the different aspects of the self by sorting those cards into categories.The self-structure in this task is measured through the degree of compartmentalization.According to this theory,the self-structure can be largely classified as compartmentalized self-structure and integrative self-structure depending on its degree of compartmentalization.Compartmentalization of self-knowledge is regarded as relating to the stability of affective states,and can be seen as the strategies that people are used to cope with negative experiences.The theory of intrinsic dynamics of self-organization employs computer algorithm to simulate how positive and negative elements would interact with each other and eventually organize into different categories after several trials of interaction.Some elements are more influential than others,thereby categories are more likely to emerge according to the valence of elements with stronger influence.This theory also proposes that the press of integration is the underlying factor that drives the organization of positive and negative self-knowledge.In the end,this article briefly reviewed the research on the knowledge structure of others(e.g.,close partners and parents).Although the t

关 键 词：自我结构 自我知识 自我区隔理论 动态系统理论 他人结构 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]