提示潜在机会成本对男性海洛因戒断者跨期决策的改善  

Explicating Potential Opportunity Cost Improves Intertemporal Decision-Making in Male Heroin Abstainers

作　　者：杨玲 刘文鑫 张建勋 杜昭荣 李晓敏 杜军红 Yang Ling;Liu Wenxin;Zhang Jianxun;Du Zhaorong;LI Xiaomin;Du Junhong(Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province,Institute of Substance Addiction and Rehabilitation,School of Psychology,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,730070;Second Compulsory Isolation Drug Rehabilitation Institute of Gansu Province,Lanzhou,730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省行为与心理健康重点实验室,西北师范大学心理学院物质成瘾与康复研究所,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省第二强制隔离戒毒所,兰州730070

出　　处：《心理科学》2023年第3期561-569,共9页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960185)的资助。

摘　　要：由于物质成瘾者的跨期决策缺陷在成瘾行为发生、发展及戒断预后中的重要作用,其已成为成瘾研究中的一个靶向干预目标。研究旨在检验提示潜在机会成本能否有效改善男性海洛因戒断者的跨期决策。两个实验分别选取男性海洛因戒断者30名与27名,让其在提示潜在机会成本和未提示潜在机会成本两种决策条件下,分别完成金钱跨期决策任务与海洛因-金钱跨类别延迟折扣任务。结果发现,提示潜在机会成本可以显著减少男性海洛因戒断者在金钱跨期决策任务中选择即时金钱奖赏的数量,但未能显著降低其在海洛因-金钱跨类别延迟折扣任务中的延迟折扣水平。研究结果表明,提示潜在机会成本可以改善男性海洛因戒断者在金钱跨期决策中的短视倾向,但无法改善其在海洛因-金钱跨类别跨期决策中的短视倾向。Deficiency of intertemporal decision-making was the behavioral marker in substance addicts.Results from longitudinal studies indicated that deficiency of intertemporal decision-making in substance addicts may play a significant role both during the beginning,development,withdrawal,and prognosis phases in addiction.Researchers are interested in understanding how to improve the intertemporal decision-making in substance addicts.Compared to traditional ways,episodic future thinking(EFT)showed promising results.However,EFT deeply depends on the active efforts from addicts to think of some cues about future.Because of this kind of demanding,the actual improving effects from EFT is limited for this population.Besides,researchers have found that the intertemporal decision-making could be improved by only explicating the potential opportunity cost of both sooner but smaller(SS)reward option and larger but longer(LL)reward option,which was labeled as the hidden-zero effect.To verify whether the deficiency of intertemporal decision-making in substance addicts could be improved by explicating the potential opportunity cost of both options in intertemporal decision-making,two experiments were designed.Experiment 1 employed the monetary intertemporal decision-making task,and recruited 30 male heroin abstainers.The results showed that compared to the hidden-zero condition in which the opportunity cost of both options in intertemporal decision-making were not explicated,the number of SS chosen by these male heroin abstainers was significantly lower in explicit-zero condition in which the opportunity cost of both options in intertemporal decision-making were explicated.Experiment 2 employed the cross-commodity delay discounting task which use heroin as immediate reward option and money as delayed reward option,and recruited 27 male heroin abstainers.The results showed that the delay discounting levels indicated by area under curve(AUC)of these male heroin abstainers were not significantly different in the explicit-zero and

关 键 词：跨期决策 延迟折扣 海洛因 毒品成瘾 机会成本 

分 类 号：B845.4[哲学宗教—心理学]