矿区岩质边坡人工土壤-植被特性研究  

Study on the Characteristics of the Artificial Soil-vegetation of the Rocky Slope in Mining Area

作　　者：韩颖 刘勇[1] 乔欧盟 陈璋[1,2] HAN Ying;LIU Yong;QIAO Ou'meng;CHEN Zhang(Institute of Loess Plateau,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Shanxi Key Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Loess Plateau,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学黄土高原研究所,山西太原030006 [2]黄土高原生态恢复山西省重点实验室,山西太原030006

出　　处：《山西大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期733-742,共10页Journal of Shanxi University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区联合基金项目(U1910207);国家自然科学基金(41501563);山西省自然科学基金(201901D211133)。

摘　　要：以太原市西山矿区的岩质边坡生态恢复工程为研究对象,开展野外调查及室内分析试验,研究不同工程条件(坡度、坡位)与植物多样性、人工土壤理化性质之间的关联特征,利用典范对应分析(CCA)研究环境因子与植物分布的关系。结果表明:(1)样地共有植物40种,分属于13科31属。其中坡度范围在40~50°的边坡植物群落较为丰富,共有植物32种,分属于9科27属,以豆科(Leguminosae)、菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)等为主。(2)在岩质边坡生态恢复过程中,坡度和坡位对植物多样性有显著影响,坡度范围在40°~50°的植物多样性指数高于坡度大于50°的岩质边坡。不同坡位丰富度指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数之间有显著差异(P<0.05)。(3)不同坡度的土壤容重和土壤水分有显著差异(P<0.05),而不同坡位无显著差异(P>0.05)。相同坡度不同坡位的速效钾、碱解氮、有效磷和有机质含量变化趋势均呈中坡位>下坡位>上坡位。坡度为50°~60°的边坡人工土壤平均有机质含量(29.5 mg/kg)和全氮含量(13.8 mg/kg)显著高于其他岩质边坡(P<0.05)。CCA分析结果表明土壤含水量和有机质是植物生长的主要影响因子。Field investigation and indoor analysis experiments were carried out on the ecological restoration project of rocky slope in the Xishan mining area of Taiyuan to study the correlation among different engineering conditions(slope gradient and slope position),plant diversity,and physical and chemical properties of artificial soil.The canonical correspondence analysis method was used to study the correlation between environmental factors and plant distribution.The results showed that:(1)There were 40 plant species in the sample sites,belonging to 13 families and 31 genera.The richness of plant communities with a slope gradient ranging from 40°to 50°was high,with 32 plant species,belonging to 9 families and 27 genera,including Leguminosae,Compositae,Gramineae and Rosaceae,etc.(2)In the process of ecological restoration of rocky slope,the slope gradient and slope position had a significant impact on the plant diversity.The plant diversity index of rocky slope with a gradient ranging from 40°to 50°was higher than that of rocky slope with a gradient greater than 50°.There were significant differences in richness index,Shannon index and Simpson index at different slope positions when the slope gradient ranged from 50°to 60°(P<0.05).(3)The difference in soil bulk density and soil water content between different slope gradients were significant(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between different slope positions(P>0.05).The content variation trend of the available phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and organic matter in different slope positions with the same slope gradient was as followed:middle slope position>downslope position>upslope position.The average organic matter contents(29.5 mg/kg)and total nitrogen contents(13.8 mg/kg)of artificial soil in the rocky slope with a gradient ranging from 50°to 60°were significantly higher than those of the other rocky slope(P<0.05).The CCA analysis showed that soil water content and organic matter were the main influencing factors for plant growth.

关 键 词：岩质边坡 生态恢复 工程因子 人工土壤 

分 类 号：TU43[建筑科学—岩土工程]