不同植被下碳酸盐岩石发育形成土壤属性研究  

Soil properties of carbonate rocks under different vegetation types

作　　者：罗美 周运超[1] 唐凤华 LUO Mei;ZHOU Yunchao;TANG Fenghua(Research Center for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou Province,Guizhou University/Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province/College of Forestry,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China;Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学贵州省森林资源与环境研究中心/贵州省高原山地林木培育重点实验室/林学院,贵州贵阳550001 [2]贵州财经大学,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2023年第2期277-289,共13页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：贵州省一流学科建设项目(GNYL[2017]007);中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所地质调查委托项目(YR-JJHT-2017-206);黔科合基础([2017]1018);贵州省“百层次”培养计划项目(QKHRC-2015-4022)。

摘　　要：为探究喀斯特地区不同植被条件下碳酸盐岩石发育土壤属性的分布特征及其影响因素,以贵阳市花溪区范围内的碳酸盐岩石(石灰岩、灰质白云岩和白云岩)发育土壤为研究对象,采集不同植被类型下0~40 cm土壤,分析不同植被类型、基岩类型、土层层次对土壤性质分布特征的影响。结果表明:基岩和植被类型是影响碳酸盐岩石发育成为土壤的主要影响因素,其次是土壤层次。在0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层中,石灰岩、灰质白云岩和白云岩发育土壤的肥力和颗粒均差异显著,而0~20 cm与20~40 cm土层间,除石灰岩发育土壤石砾含量(SLC)和细颗粒比(<0.002 mm),白云岩发育土壤速效磷(AP)和有机质(SOM)含量外,同类基岩发育土壤性质无显著差异;在0~40 cm土层,基岩类型显著影响土壤pH、AP、SLC、速效氮(AN)、全氮(TN)、SOM、0.2~0.25 mm和0.002~0.02 mm颗粒的分布;植被类型显著影响石灰岩发育土壤pH、AP、TN含量,白云岩形成土壤的pH、SLC、粗颗粒(0.25~2 mm)和细颗粒,灰质白云岩形成土壤的AN、SOM、粗颗粒和细颗粒;土壤层次显著影响石灰岩发育土壤的SLC、粗颗粒和细颗粒及白云岩发育土壤的AP的分布。研究区内荒草坡和草被下土壤,以及石灰岩发育的土壤可能正遭受侵蚀的破坏。因此,结合母岩岩性,改变植被种植结构,对提高土壤养分、改善土壤颗粒组成和增强土壤的抗侵蚀能力具有积极作用。Guizhou Province is located in the largest continuous karst area in the world.The karst landform accounts for 73.8% of the province's land area where 88% of its rural population live.The exposed area of carbonate rocks developed in karst reaches 130,000 km^(2),accounting for 73% of land area in this province.Soil erosion leads to the exposure of carbonate rocks on the surface,aggravates the process of karst rocky desertification,and causes a series of ecological and environmental problems,all of which seriously affect the development of local economy and people's life.The research on the comprehensive prevention and control of karst rocky desertification has become a scientific problem that needs to be solved urgently.In addition,bedrock and vegetation play a prominent role in soil development and formation.In different soil development stages,bedrock and vegetation types have an important impact on the soil physical and chemical properties.However,the current research on karst soils mainly focuses on the soil properties of limestone-formed soils.There is still a lack of research on the characteristics of soil developed by carbonate rock and the effects of their interactions on soil in karst areas from the perspective of vegetation-soil-bedrock system.Taking the soil developed by carbonate rock(limestone,calcareous dolomite and dolomite)as the research object,this study aims to explore the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of the soil developed by carbonate rock under different vegetation conditions in karst areas,and analyze the effects of different vegetation types,bedrock types and soil layers on soil properties.The study area is located in Huaxi district,Guiyang City,Guizhou Province.It has a subtropical monsoon climate with an average annual temperature of 14.9℃ and an average annual precipitation of 1,229 mm.Three representative plots in Huaxi district were selected,including Huaxi Reservoir,Huaxi TV Tower,and the area near the southern Guizhou University,and a total of 60 soil samples

关 键 词：喀斯特 植被类型 碳酸盐岩石 土壤属性 花溪 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学] P931.5[农业科学—农业基础科学]