不同水氮供应对温室番茄各穗层果实养分和产量构成的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Applications on Yield Components and Nutritional Composition of Greenhouse Tomatoes in Different Trusses

作　　者：李欢欢 宋嘉雯 孙景生[1] 王景雷[1] 强小嫚[1] 刘浩[1] 郑明 娄玉军 LI Huanhuan;SONG Jiawen;SUN Jingsheng;WANG Jinglei;QIANG Xiaoman;LIU Hao;ZHENG Ming;LOU Yujun(Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinxiang 453002,China;College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering,Tarin University,Alaer 843300,China;Inner Mongolia Water Conservancy Development Center,Hohhot 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业农村部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室,河南新乡453002 [2]塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]内蒙古自治区水利事业发展中心,呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第6期1-9,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(FIRI2022-15)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同水氮供应对温室番茄各穗层果实养分和产量构成的影响。【方法】设计4个施氮水平(0、150、300、450 kg/hm^(2),分别记为N0、N1、N2、N3)和3个基于20 cm标准蒸发皿累积蒸发量(E_(pan))的灌溉水平(50%E_(pan)、70%E_(pan)、90%E_(pan),分别记为I1、I2、I3),研究不同水氮供应对温室番茄各穗层果实含水率(FW)、全氮量(FTN)、全钾量(FTK)和产量构成的影响。【结果】番茄不同穗层的果实养分和产量构成要素存在显著差异,其中第1穗层不协调的氮、钾比例不利于产量构成要素的提高,第2穗层氮、钾的协同作用促使该穗层坐果数和平均单果质量最大。增加灌水量显著提高了各穗层FW、坐果数和平均单果质量,但灌水量超过70%E_(pan)时,各穗层坐果数增幅较小。增施氮肥显著降低了各穗层FW,促进了各穗层果实对氮、钾的吸收,提高了坐果数和产量;当施氮量超过150 kg/hm^(2)时,各穗层坐果数和产量增幅较小。与N0处理相比,N1、N2、N3处理各穗层的平均坐果数分别提高了13.94%、10.38%、10.68%,产量分别提高了13.63%、10.66%、8.42%。【结论】本研究区域最优的水氮管理模式为:施氮量150kg/hm^(2)+灌水定额70%E_(pan)。【Objective】Water and nitrogen are two factors influencing crop growth and yield the most.The purpose of this paper is to experimentally study their combined effect on fruit water content,nutrient translocation and accumulation,and yield components of fruits in different trusses of greenhouse tomato.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse.It consisted of four pure nitrogen application amounts:0(N0),150(N1),300 kg/hm^(2)(N2)and 450 kg/hm^(2)(N3),and three irrigation treatments by irrigating 50%(I1),70%(I2)or 90%(I3)of the evaporation measured from a standard 20 cm pan(E_(pan))installed in the greenhouse.In each treatment,we measured fruit water(FW)content,fruit total nitrogen(FTN)content,fruit total potassium(FTK)content,and the yield components of the fruits in every truss.【Result】There were significant differences in fruit nutrients and yield components between the trusses.The incongruous N/K ratio in the first truss did not support the improvement of yield components.The synergistic effect of N and K in the 2nd truss resulted in the largest fruit-setting numbers and average fruit weight.Increasing irrigation amount had no significant effect on FTN and FTK contents in every truss,but significantly increased FW content,fruit-setting numbers,average fruit weight and fruit yield of every truss.However,the increase in fruit-setting numbers in every truss became small when the irrigation amount exceeded 70%of E_(pan).Increasing nitrogen fertilization significantly reduced FW content in every truss,promoted translocation of N and K to the fruits,and increased the fruit-setting numbers and fruit yield.However,the increase in fruit-setting numbers and yield was small or even negative when nitrogen fertilization exceeded 150 kg/hm^(2).Compared with N0,N1,N2 and N3 increased the average fruit-setting numbers of every truss by 13.94%,10.38%and 10.68%respectively,and the fruit yield by 13.63%,10.66%and 8.42%,respectively.The significant difference in fruit-setting numbers and average fruit weig

关 键 词：水氮 温室番茄 果实养分 产量构成 

分 类 号：S274.5[农业科学—农业水土工程]