破冰船首部与侧部接触加载工况下海冰弯曲破碎过程  

Bending Failure of Sea Ice Under Contact Loading at Bow and Side of Icebreaker

作　　者：刘振冲 潘传飞 王丽芸 王译鹤 LIU Zhenchong;PAN Chuanfei;WANG Liyun;WANG Yihe(Shanghai Zhongchuan NERC-SDT Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201114,China;Ocean Academy,Zhejiang University,Zhoushan 310014,China)

机构地区：[1]上海中船船舶设计技术国家工程研究中心有限公司,上海201114 [2]浙江大学海洋研究院,舟山310014

出　　处：《船舶》2023年第3期107-114,共8页Ship & Boat

摘　　要：在破冰船对海冰接触加载过程中,海冰会发生以径向和环向开裂为表现形式的弯曲破碎过程。海冰首先径向开裂再环向开裂的弯曲破碎过程与海冰首先环向开裂的弯曲破碎过程将导致不同的冰载荷,因此,明确不同接触加载工况下的海冰弯曲破碎过程是理论计算冰载荷的前提条件。文章针对破冰船首部与海冰直线边界接触加载、破冰船首部与海冰凹进边界接触加载,以及船侧部与海冰直线边界接触加载这3类工况,采用弹性地基薄板理论,对控制方程进行归一化处理,并通过有限元法求解归一化控制方程,分析不同工况参数下的海冰弯曲破碎过程,得到上述3类工况下的海冰弯曲破碎过程判断依据。分析结果表明:当船体与海冰接触区域尺寸较大且冰厚较小易发生先环向开裂的弯曲破碎过程,反之则易发生先径向开裂再环向开裂的弯曲破碎过程。The bending failure of the sea ice occurs in the form of radial and circumferential crack during the contact loading of an icebreaker with the sea ice.The radial-before-circumferential cracking pattern of the sea ice will result in different ice loads compared to the circumferential-before-radial cracking pattern.It is therefore necessary to identify the bending failure mode of the sea ice under different contact loading conditions.The governing equations are normalized based on the theory of thin plates on elastic foundation under three operation conditions:the contact loading between the bow of the icebreaker and the linear boundary of the sea ice linear boundary,the contact loading between the bow of the icebreaker and the concave boundary of the sea ice,and the contact loading between the side of the icebreaker and the linear boundary of the sea ice.By solving the normalized governing equations with finite element method,the bending failure modes of the sea ice under different operation conditions are analyzed to obtain the criteria of the bending failure of the sea ice under the above three operation conditions.The results indicate that a circumferential-before-radial cracking pattern is easily to be caused with larger contact area between the hull and the sea ice and thinner ice thickness.On the contrary,a radial-before-circumferential cracking pattern will be easily caused.

关 键 词：破冰船 冰载荷 弯曲破碎 径向裂纹 环向裂纹 有限元法 

分 类 号：U674.21[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]