官方意志与民间诉求的博弈:良师兴国运动中的话语冲突  

Game between Official Will and Folk Appeal:Discourse Conflict in the Movement of the Good Teacher to Rejuvenate the Nation

作　　者：姜焕英 JIANG Huanying

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《煤炭高等教育》2023年第1期90-97,共8页Meitan Higher Education

摘　　要：南京国民政府初期,教师的薪资微薄、地位低下,良师尤为匮乏。“九一八”事变后民族危机不断加深,教育界自发兴起了一场良师兴国运动,欲以此改善教师待遇,促进良师培养、教育改进,从而求兴国之道。良师兴国运动是在民间教师群体的职业诉求与政府权力拓展的激烈互动下展开的。教师强调自身的“权利”,政府却强调教师的“义务”,不同的话语取向导致了两者之间的相互博弈与制衡,良师兴国运动也由此达到高潮。随着战争局势的变化,政府更多强调教师的责任而罔顾教师权利,良师兴国运动逐渐成为专制工具。In the early days of the National Government of Nanjing,teachers were poorly paid and had low status,especially good teachers.After the"September 18"incident,the national crisis continuously deepened,and the education circle spontaneously arose a good teacher movement in order to improve the treatment of teachers,promote the training of good teachers,education improvement,so as to seek the way of rejuvenating the country.The movement to rejuvenate the country with good teachers was launched under the intense interaction between the professional demands of the folk teachers group and the expansion of government power.Teachers emphasize their own"rights",while the government emphasizes teachers'"obligations".Different discourse orientations lead to the mutual game and checks and balances between the two,and thus the movement of good teachers to rejuvenate the country reaches a climax.With the change of the war situation,the government emphasized more on the responsibility of teachers and ignored the rights of teachers,and the movement gradually became an authoritarian tool.

关 键 词：良师兴国运动 国民政府 话语冲突 教师权利 

分 类 号：G649.29[文化科学—高等教育学]