脱叶催熟剂喷施时间对不同部位棉铃发育和纤维品质的影响  

Effects of the spraying time of defoliation and ripening agent on cotton boll development and fiber quality at different fruiting branches

作　　者：朱继杰[1] 赵红霞[1] 王士杰[1] 贾晓昀 李妙[1] 王国印[2] Zhu Jijie;Zhao Hongxia;Wang Shijie;Jia Xiaoyun;Li Miao;Wang Guoyin(Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science/Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production,Shijiazhuang 050035,China;Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Shijiazhuang 050051,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所/河北省作物遗传育种实验室/河北省作物栽培生理和绿色生产重点实验室,石家庄050035 [2]河北省农林科学院,石家庄050051

出　　处：《棉花学报》2023年第2期117-127,共11页Cotton Science

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(19226324D,21326314D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系棉花产业创新团队建设专项——机采品种选育(HBCT2018040202)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同时间喷施脱叶催熟剂对棉花不同部位棉铃的干物质质量、产量性状以及纤维品质等的影响,明确河北省喷施棉花脱叶催熟剂的最佳时期。【方法】以机采棉品种冀丰1458为供试材料,分别于2020年和2021年的9月下旬到10月上旬,设置4个时间喷施50%(质量分数)噻苯·乙烯利悬浮剂,以9月20日喷施等量清水作为对照,分析棉花的脱叶率和吐絮率、不同部位棉铃的干物质质量、铃重、籽指与衣分、籽棉产量、皮棉产量和纤维品质等指标的变化。【结果】各处理喷施脱叶催熟剂当天的吐絮率为40%~65%,处理后20 d的吐絮率和脱叶率均大于90%。与对照相比,9月20日处理的上部棉铃的铃重、籽指、衣分、纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度、马克隆值均显著降低;9月20日或9月25日左右喷施,上部、中部棉铃的干物质质量和单株棉铃总干物质质量均显著降低;9月20日至10月5日左右喷施脱叶催熟剂导致上部棉铃籽指显著降低,籽棉产量和皮棉产量显著提高,其中9月30日左右处理的籽棉和皮棉产量最高,并且其纤维品质综合表现也较好。【结论】初步认为,河北省植棉区露地直播棉田脱叶催熟剂的最佳喷施时间为9月30日、吐絮率为56%左右。[Objective]This research aims to study the effect of spraying defoliation and ripening agent at different times on dry matter mass,yield traits,and fiber quality of cotton bolls at different fruiting branches,and to determine the optimal time for spraying defoliation and ripening agent in Hebei province.[Method]Jifeng 1458,a cotton variety suitable for machine picking,was used as the material.The 50%(mass fraction)thidiazuron-ethephon suspension agent was sprayed at four different times from late September to early October in 2020 and 2021,respectively.Spraying the same amount of water on September 20th was used as the control.The changes of cotton defoliation rate and boll opening rate,dry matter mass,boll weight,seed index,and lint percentage of cotton bolls at different fruiting branches,seed cotton yield,lint yield and fiber quality were analyzed.[Result]The boll opening rate of each treatment was 40%-65%on the day of spraying defoliation and ripening agent,and 20 days later,both of the boll opening rate and defoliation rate exceeded 90%.Compared with the control,when spraying on September 20th,the weight,seed index,lint percentage of bolls on the upper breaches,and the fiber upper half mean length,breaking tenacity and micronaire of these bolls decreased significantly.When spraying on September 20th or about September 25th,dry matter mass of cotton bolls at the upper or middle fruiting branches and dry matter mass of the total cotton bolls per plant all decreased significantly.When spraying from September 20th to around October 5th,seed index of the upper cotton bolls decreased significantly,while seed cotton yield and lint yield increased significantly.Both seed cotton yield and lint yield were the highest when spraying on around September 30th,and the fiber quality was also fine.[Conclusion]It is preliminarily believed that the optimal time of spraying defoliation and ripening agent in the direct seeding cotton field without covering film in Hebei cotton planting region was around September 30th,and the na

关 键 词：脱叶催熟剂 棉铃 棉铃部位 产量 纤维品质 干物质质量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]