棉田杂草龙葵种子萌发对温度的生理响应  

Physiological responses of seed germination of black nightshade(Solanum nigrum L.)from cotton field to temperature

作　　者：李龙龙 马子晴 陈召霞 黄兆峰[1] 黄红娟[1] 魏守辉[1] Li Longlong;Ma Ziqing;Chen Zhaoxia;Huang Zhaofeng;Huang Hongjuan;Wei Shouhui(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《棉花学报》2023年第2期138-145,共8页Cotton Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项(2022B02043-3);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(S2023XM21);新疆生产建设兵团科技发展专项资金(2018AA006)。

摘　　要：【目的】龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)是棉田恶性杂草。本研究旨在通过抗氧化酶活性、淀粉酶活性及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量等生理指标分析龙葵种子萌发与温度的关系,为龙葵萌发预测和防除时机的选择提供依据。【方法】以采自我国不同省(自治区)的6个龙葵种群为研究对象,测定不同萌发温度(10~40℃)条件下种子的抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量和淀粉酶活性,分析比较不同种群对温度的生理响应差异。【结果】6个龙葵种群种子中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性随萌发温度升高呈先增加后降低的趋势。XJ1600种群的SOD活性变化幅度最小,而LN2209种群的SOD活性变化幅度最大;HN2160和LN2209种群的POD活性在10~30℃时相对较高,但在35~40℃时相对较低;XJ1600种群的CAT活性在10~30℃时较稳定,而LN2209种群的CAT活性在20~35℃时变化较小。各种群龙葵种子的MDA含量随温度的升高表现为先下降后上升,高温胁迫可明显提高龙葵种子的MDA含量,其中HN2160种群对30~40℃高温较为敏感。龙葵种子淀粉酶活性随温度升高基本呈现先上升后保持稳定的趋势,不同种群淀粉酶活性较高时的温度不同,其中XJ1600和JL1697种群淀粉酶活性较高时的温度较高,而HN2160种群的较低。【结论】不同龙葵种群种子萌发对温度的生理响应存在显著差异,基于相关生理指标可以确定种子的萌发状况和适宜萌发条件。[Objective]Solanum nigrum L.is one of the worst weed in cotton field.The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between seed germination and temperature using physiological indices such as antioxidant enzyme activity,amylase activity,and malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and to provide a basis for predicting seedling emergence and selecting optimum timing for control.[Method]The antioxidant enzyme activity,MDA content,and amylase activity of 6 S.nigrum populations collected from different provinces(autonomous regions)in China under different germination temperatures(10-40℃)were determined,and the physiological responses of different populations to temperature were analyzed and compared.[Result]The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT),in seeds of 6 populations of S.nigrum increased first and then decreased with temperature.The change of SOD activity was the smallest in XJ1600 and was the largest in LN2209.The POD activity was relatively higher for HN2160 and LN2209 in the temperature range of 10-30℃,but was relatively lower in 35-40℃.The CAT activity was stable within 10-30℃for XJ1600,while 20-35℃for LN2209.The MDA content of S.nigrum seeds decreased first and then increased along with the temperature,and high temperature stress could significantly increase the MDA content of seeds.Among the 6 populations,HN2160 was more sensitive to high temperature(30-40℃).The amylase activity of S.nigrum seeds increased first and then remained unchanged with the increase of temperature.And the optimum temperature for the relative peak amylase activity was different for 6 populations.Among which XJ1600 and JL1697 had the higher temperature for higher amylase activity,but HN2160 had lower temperature for amylase activity.[Conclusion]The physiological responses of seed germination of S.nigrum to temperature varied significantly among different populations,and relevant indices can be used to determine the state and optimum condition for seed germination.

关 键 词：龙葵 温度 种子萌发 抗氧化酶 淀粉酶 酶活性 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S451