氧化铀粉体制备工艺研究进展与分析  

Review and Process Analysis on Preparation of Uranium Oxide Powd

作　　者：宋淼 张晓腾 马敬 王冬 纪雷鸣 李磊 向茂乔 SONG Miao;ZHANG Xiao-teng;MA Jing;WANG Dong;JI Lei-ming;LI Lei;XIANG Mao-qiao(China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100840,China;Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国核电工程有限公司,北京100840 [2]中国科学院过程工程研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《当代化工》2023年第5期1163-1169,共7页Contemporary Chemical Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(项目编号:22178348)。

摘　　要：氧化铀粉体的制备是核燃料循环中的重要环节。对氧化铀粉体的制备工艺进行了总结,认为相比于湿法工艺,干法工艺更适用于乏燃料后处理过程。但是,目前普遍使用的流化床工艺,由于异相形核过程,产品较难满足粒径细、表面积大的要求。从成核原理出发进行分析,认为火焰法工艺可以通过均相形核制备超细氧化铀粉体。对国内外火焰法制备氧化铀粉体的研究进展进行了总结,分析了其工艺系统及反应器的特点。对火焰法制备超细氧化铀粉体进行了工艺分析,提出了工程上可以使用的燃烧器(同轴扩散火焰)与雾化喷嘴(双流体雾化喷嘴)形式;发现在CH_(4)燃料过量的情况下,可以一步直接生成UO_(2)粉体且没有积碳,生成UO_(2)粉体的边界条件为CH_(4)/O_(2)摩尔比例大于1;提出了工程应用中可能遇到的问题以及解决方案。Preparation of uranium oxide powder is a key process in nuclear fuel cycle.By summarizing the preparation process of uranium oxide powder,it was found that dry process is more suitable for spent fuel reprocessing compared to wet process.However,coarse uranium oxide powder was obtained in widely used fluidized bed process due to its heterogeneous nucleation process.In this paper,the principle of nucleation was analyzed,and it was found that flame assisted process could synthesize ultra-fine uranium oxide powder through homogeneous nucleation.The development of preparation of uranium oxide powder by flame-assisted process was summarized,and the characteristics of the process and reactor were also analyzed.Some aspects of preparation of ultra-fine uranium oxide powder by flame process in engineering-scale were prospected and analyzed.The burner and atomizing nozzle that can be used in engineering were put forward,i.e.,coflow diffusion flame and double fluid atomizing nozzle.In the case of excessive CH_(4),UO_(2) powder could be directly synthesized in one step without free carbon,the boundary condition for the generation of UO_(2) was mole ratio of CH_(4)/O_(2) greater than 1.The possible problems and solutions in engineering application were proposed.

关 键 词：氧化铀粉体 火焰法 燃烧器 均相形核 

分 类 号：TL241.1[核科学技术—核燃料循环与材料]