2013-2019年沧州市学校结核病流行现状及预警情况分析  

Epidemiological status and early warning of tuberculosis in schools in Cangzhou from 2013 to 2019

作　　者：左雅静[1] 陈静[1] 祁业敏[1] 陈海峰[2] 李顺利[1] 高庆辉[1] 庞丽敏 张华昕[1] 兰艳芳 刘大鹏[1] ZUO Yajing;CHEN Jing;QI Yemin;CHEN Haifeng;LI Shunli;GAO Qinghui;PANG Limin;ZHANG Huaxin;LAN Yanfang;LIU Dapeng(Cangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hebei 061000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]沧州市疾病预防控制中心,河北061000 [2]河北省疾病预防控制中心 [3]沧州市中心医院

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2023年第6期542-546,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：河北省医学科学研究课题(20200278)。

摘　　要：目的了解结核病在沧州市各类学校的流行特点,总结规律,为学校制定科学有效的控制措施提供依据。方法采用回顾性研究,利用SPSS 22.0统计软件对资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2013—2019年沧州市学生人群肺结核报告发病率为8.20/10万,呈先降后升趋势,男女发病比为1.21∶1。以高中生和大学生为主,占69.81%。学生病例就诊延迟率为51.62%,平均就诊延迟34.68d,高中生多于小学生和初中生(χ^(2)=10.62,P=0.031),男生多于女生(χ^(2)=5.19,P=0.023)。2018年7月—2019年12月预警系统共发预警信号1015条,响应率为100.00%,24h响应率为98.72%,响应时间中位数为2.23h(P25=0.58h,P75=7.98h)。2019年24h响应率较2018年同期上升2.22%。结论2013—2019年沧州市学校结核病疫情有上升趋势,早期主动发现并管理传染源是控制疫情的关键。加强学校尤其是高等院校管理及教师队伍防病意识,普及健康防病知识对避免延迟就诊、减轻疫情蔓延有重要意义。学校肺结核预警系统在发现肺结核患者及疫情处置工作中起到积极作用,成为早期发现结核病疫情暴发苗头的重要工具。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in various types of schools in Cangzhou City,summarize the epidemic rules,and provide a basis for formulating scientific and effective school tuberculosis control measures.Methods A retrospective study was conducted,and SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for descriptive epidemiological analysis.Results From 2013 to 2019,the reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Cangzhou was 8.20/100000,showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.The male population was more affected,and the male to female incidence ratio was 1.21∶1.The reported cases were mainly high school students and college students,accounting for 69.81%of the reported cases.The delay rate of student cases was 51.62%,the average delay in seeing a doctor was 34.68 days.There were more high school students than primary and junior high school students(χ^(2)=10.62,P=0.031),and more boys than girls(χ^(2)=5.19,P=0.023).From July 2018 to December 2019,the early warning system issued 1015 early warning signals in total,the response rate was 100.00%,the 24h response rate was 98.72%,and the median response time was 2.23h(P25=0.58h,P75=7.98h).The 24h response rate in 2019 increased by 2.22%compared with the same period in 2018.Conclusion The tuberculosis epidemic in Cangzhou City from 2013 to 2019 shows an upward trend.Early and proactive detection and management of the source of infection are keys to controlling the epidemic and preventing its spread.Strengthening the construction of disease prevention ideology at the level of school management and teachers in schools,especially colleges and universities,and popularizing health and disease prevention knowledge are of great significance to avoid delaying medical treatment and reducing the spread of the epidemic.The school tuberculosis early warning system has played a positive role in the detection of tuberculosis patients and the management of school pulmonary tuberculosis outbreaks,becoming an

关 键 词：学生 结核病 流行现状 延迟诊断 预警 流行病学 分析 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]