2016-2021年北京市通州区狂犬疫苗接种门诊就诊情况分析  

Analysis of outpatient visits to rabies vaccination clinics in Tongzhou District of Beijing from 2016 to 2021

作　　者：孙远洁 石晶[1] 崔婷 张建明 刘阳 赵春艳[1] SUN Yuanjie;SHI Jing;CUI Ting;ZHANG Jianming;LIU Yang;ZHAO Chunyan(Tongzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 101100,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市通州区疾病预防控制中心,北京101100

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2023年第5期451-455,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：北京市卫生系统高层次卫生技术人才队伍建设专项经费项目(学科骨干-01-043)。

摘　　要：目的分析2016—2021年北京市通州区狂犬病暴露特征,为狂犬病防控策略提供依据。方法使用描述性流行病学方法分析2016—2021年通州区狂犬门诊就诊人员的流行特征,统计分析率的差异。结果2016—2021年通州区狂犬门诊共接诊142772例就诊人员,暴露前免疫372例,暴露后免疫142400例。暴露前免疫以男性(55.91%)、15~<30岁(38.44%)、在职人员(71.24%)为主。暴露后免疫以女性(53.51%)、15~<30岁(31.24%)和30~<45岁(24.47%)、在职人员(59.97%)为主。暴露后就诊高峰期为5~8月。暴露级别主要为Ⅱ级(79.97%)和Ⅲ级(20.00%),Ⅱ级暴露和Ⅲ级暴露被动制剂使用率呈上升趋势(Ⅱ级:χ^(2)趋势=252.20,P<0.01;Ⅲ级:χ^(2)趋势=39.82,P<0.01)。致伤部位以手部(48.84%)和下肢(27.53%)为主。致伤动物以犬(55.45%)、有主动物(94.10%)为主。狂犬病暴露病例24h内就诊占94.29%。结论2016—2021年通州区狂犬门诊就诊量逐年增高,应继续规范开展狂犬病暴露后处置。建议加强各部门间协作,有针对性的开展狂犬病防控知识宣传,提高犬只免疫率。Objective To analyze the characteristics of rabies exposure in Tongzhou District,Beijing from 2016 to 2021,and to provide a basis for rabies prevention and control strategies.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies clinic attendees in Tongzhou District from 2016 to 2021,and statistical methods were used to analyze the differences in rates.Results From 2016 to 2021,the rabies clinics in Tongzhou District received 142772 visits,with 372 cases of pre-exposure immunization and 142400 cases of post-exposure immunization.The pre-exposure immunizations were mainly males(55.91%),15-<30 years old(38.44%),and employees(71.24%).The post-exposure immunizations were mainly females(53.51%),15-<30 years old(31.24%)and 30-<45 years old(24.47%),and employees(59.97%).The peak period for post-exposure visits was May to August.The exposure grades were mainly grade Ⅱ(79.97%)and grade Ⅲ(20.00%),with an increasing trend in the use of passive agents for grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ exposures(grade Ⅱ:χ^(2)t rend=252.20,P<0.01;grade Ⅲ:χ^(2)t rend=39.82,P<0.01).The injured parts were mainly the hands(48.84%)and lower limbs(27.53%),and most of injury-causing animals were dogs(55.45%),and domesticated animals(94.10%).A total of 94.29%of rabies exposure cases were diagnosed within 24h.Conclusion The number of rabies outpatient clinic visits in Tongzhou District increased yearly from 2016 to 2021.It should continue to be standardized for post-exposure rabies disposal.It is suggested to strengthen interdepartmental collaboration,to conduct targeted dissemination of rabies prevention and control knowledge,and to improve the dog immunization rate.

关 键 词：狂犬病暴露 动物致伤 流行病学特征 狂犬病疫苗 狂犬病人免疫球蛋白 暴露前免疫 分析 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学]