郡守选任与中世纪晚期英格兰的地方治理  

The Selection of Sheriffs and Local Governance in Late Medieval England

作　　者：刘畅 LIU Chang

机构地区：[1]浙大城市学院浙江历史研究中心,杭州310015

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2023年第2期73-85,128,共14页Economic and Social History Review

摘　　要：盎格鲁-撒克逊晚期英格兰各郡已经设有郡守,最初郡守职位往往自发形成。诺曼征服以后,郡守的选任受身份、财产和品行等因素影响,且大多以国王任命为主要方式。随着封建王权的渗透与地方自治的不断发展,郡守选任方式逐渐发展为郡民自主选举。14世纪时,形成了郡守选任的集体任命模式,并伴随着郡守职位的郡际任命和再任命现象。郡守选任受到各方面因素的限制,郡守选任权成为国王、贵族和地方社会等各方博弈的焦点,却最终由国王主导。郡守选任既是封建王权介入地方社会的国王意志的体现,又是地方社会主体参与治理的有效手段。In the late Anglo-Saxon period,various counties in England already had sheriffs,and the initial position of the sheriff often formed spontaneously.After the Norman Conquest,the selection of sheriffs was influenced by factors such as identity,property and conduct,and most of them were appointed by the king.With the infiltration of feudal monarchy and the continuous development of local autonomy,the method of selecting sheriffs had gradually developed into autonomous elections by the county people.In the 14th century,a collective appointment pattern for the selection of sheriffs was formed,accompanied by the inter-county appointment and reappointment of sheriffs.The selection of sheriffs was limited by various factors,and the power of selecting sheriffs became the focus of the game between the king,nobles and local society,but ultimately led by the king.The selection of sheriffs was not only a manifestation of the will of the feudal monarchy to intervene in local society,but also an effective measure for the subjects of local society to participate in governance.

关 键 词：选举 任命 郡守 中世纪 英格兰 地方治理 

分 类 号：K561.3[历史地理—历史学] D756.1[历史地理—世界史]