航空航天结构轻量化设计制造技术发展现状与挑战  

Development and Challenge of Lightweight Design and Manufacturing Technology for Aerospace Structures

作　　者：廖文和[1,2] 戴宁[1] LIAO Wenhe;DAI Ning(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学机电学院,南京210016 [2]南京理工大学机械工程学院,南京210094

出　　处：《南京航空航天大学学报》2023年第3期347-360,共14页Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics

摘　　要：轻量化技术是指在满足结构性能需求的前提下,通过对材料、结构和制造工艺等方面的优化,减少结构质量的技术,已经成为新一代航空航天装备发展的关键技术之一。本文首先分析了轻量化技术的发展历程。其次,从设计原理、组成方式和优化方法角度,介绍了仿生结构设计、胞元结构设计和高效拓扑优化设计三类轻量化设计方法。然后,从轻量化制造工艺和模式的角度阐述了增材制造、协同制造和复合材料制造在航空航天结构轻量化制造中的应用。最后,讨论了轻量化技术面临的挑战和未来的发展。Lightweight technology refers to the technology of reducing the weight of structures by optimizing materials,structures,and manufacturing processes while meeting structural performance requirements.It has become one of the key technologies for the development of a new generation aerospace equipment.This paper firstly analyzes the development process of lightweight technology.Secondly,from the perspectives of design principles,composition methods,and optimization methods,three lightweight design methods are reviewed in detail:bionic structure design,cellular structure design,and efficient topology optimization design.Then,the applications of additive manufacturing,collaborative manufacturing,and composite material manufacturing in the lightweight manufacturing of aerospace structures are introduced from the perspectives of lightweight manufacturing processes and modes.Finally,the challenges and development prospects of lightweight technology are discussed.

关 键 词：轻量化设计 胞元结构设计 增材制造 复合材料制造 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]