铜陵淡水豚国家级自然保护区半自然水域鱼类群落结构研究  

Fish community structure in the semi⁃nature water of Tongling River Dolphin National Nature Reserve

作　　者：刘浩宇 陈娜 糜励 张西斌 杨晓鸽 于道平 连玉喜 LIU Haoyu;CHEN Na;MI Li;ZHANG Xibin;YANG Xiaoge;YU Daoping;LIAN Yuxi(College of Life Science,Anqing Normal University,Anqing 246133,Anhui,China;School of Fishery,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,Zhejiang,China;Administration of Tongling River Dolphin National Nature Reserve,Tongling 244000,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安庆师范大学生命科学学院,安徽安庆246133 [2]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022 [3]铜陵淡水豚国家级自然保护区管理局,安徽铜陵244000

出　　处：《生物资源》2023年第2期99-107,共9页Biotic Resources

基　　金：国家青年自然科学基金(31902377);安徽省高等学校自然科学研究项目(KJ2018A0376)。

摘　　要：2021年5月采用多网目复合刺网和抛网相结合的方法,对铜陵淡水豚国家级自然保护区半自然水域夹江鱼类群落进行了调查。共采集到鱼类30种,隶属于5目7科27属。相对重要性指数显示鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、贝氏䱗(Hemiculter bleekeri)、似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni)、团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)和翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)为群落优势种。与长江江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)争夺饵料资源的凶猛性鱼类比例达到2.4%,体长分布显示夹江中存在大量长江江豚无法摄食的大个体鱼类(17.5%)。夹江鱼类群落的Shannon⁃Weiner指数、Simpson指数、Margalef指数和Pielou均匀度指数依次分别为1.955~2.181,0.794~0.820,2.952~3.856和0.705~0.730。空间生态位宽度指数、平均拥挤度和生态位重叠指数表明,夹江优势种鱼类可能存在较为激烈的种间竞争。建议清理鳡(Elopichthys bambusa)、翘嘴鲌、达氏鲌(Culter dabryi)和乌鳢(Channa argus)等凶猛性鱼类及其他与长江江豚争夺饵料的鱼类,及时捕捞全长超过25 cm的鱼类,补充投放鲢、似鳊、银鲴(Xenocypris argentea)等长江江豚偏好摄食鱼类。Fish community structure and diversity in the semi⁃nature water of Tongling River Dolphin National Na⁃ture Reserve were investigated in May 2021 with cast net and multi⁃mesh gillnet.A total of 30 fish species from 27 gen⁃era,7 families,and 5 orders were collected during the investigation.The dominant species were Hypophthalmichthys mo⁃litrix,Hemiculter bleekeri,Pseudobrama simoni,Megalobrama amblycephala,Parabramis pekinensis and Culter albur⁃nus according to the index of relative importance.The proportion of ferocious fish competing for bait resources with the Yangtze finless porpoises reached to 2.4%,and the body length distribution showed that there were a large number of large individual fish(17.5%)that the Yangtze finless porpoises could not feed on.The values of Shannon⁃Weiner index,Simpson index,Margalef index and Pielou eveness index were 1.955-2.181,0.794-0.820,2.952-3.856,0.705-0.730,respectively.Spatial niche width index,average crowding degree index and niche overlap index indicate that there may be intense interspecific competition among the dominant species of fish in the semi⁃nature water.It is recommended to clean up ferocious fish such as Elopichthys bambusa,Culter alburnus,Culter dabryi,and Channa argus,as well as other fish competing for food with the Yangtze finless porpoise,timely catch fish with a total length of more than 25 cm,and supplement fish that Yangtze finless porpoises prefer to feed on,such as Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Pseudobrama simoni,and Xenocypris argentea.

关 键 词：长江江豚 鱼类群落 生物多样性 生态位 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]