基于多相流模型的燃料电池辅助加热冷启动研究  

Fuel Cell Auxiliary Heating Cold-start Study Based on Multiphase Flow Model

作　　者：屈同舟 杨代军[1] 苏国卿 张存满[1] 明平文 李冰[1] QU Tongzhou;YANG Daijun;SU Guoqing;ZHANG Cunman;MING Pingwen;LI Bing(Institute of Fuel Cell Composite Power Supply,School of Automotive,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学汽车学院燃料电池与复合电源研究所,上海201804

出　　处：《工程热物理学报》2023年第6期1601-1611,共11页Journal of Engineering Thermophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.22179099)。

摘　　要：辅助加热能有效提升质子交换膜燃料电池冷启动成功率,缩短冷启动时间。本文主要考虑电堆夹紧应力在MEA上分布不均引起的性能不一致,以及辅助加热对这一问题的改善作用。在实堆试验的基础上,通过引入水的传质、相变平衡模型和电堆封装性能差异理论,建立三维、瞬态、多物理场多相流模型。在此基础上,研究无辅助冷启动的脊槽特性差异和辅助加热方案对阴极气体扩散层中冰体积分数和性能的影响。研究结果表明,在近端板单池流道中间法向截面,加热方案使得脊下瞬时电流密度最大提升44.4%,而电流密度的最大标准偏差减小了27.3%。加热有助于抑制冷启动初始阶段低电流密度下流道下方的生成水结冰;在电流拉载过程中,脊下冰分布减少,低性能区对总电流密度的跟随性改善,单池性能一致性明显提高。Auxiliary heating can effectively improve cold start success rate and shorten the cold start time of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.In this paper,inconsistent performance caused by the uneven distribution of clamping stresses and the effect of auxiliary heating is concerned.Based on actual stack tests,with reference to the mass transfer and phase transition equilibrium of water and theory of performance difference due to stack packaging,a three-dimensional,transient,multiphysics field multiphase fow model is established.On this basis,difference in unassisted cold start characteristics between rib and channel is investigated,research on how auxiliary heating affects ice volume fraction and performance in the cathode gas diffusion layer is carried out.The results show that,for middle normal section of the single cell near end plate,heating method results in a maximum enhancement of 44.4%in the instantaneous current density under the rib,and 27.3%reduction in the maximum standard deviation of global current density.Auxiliary heating helps suppress freezing of product water under channel at low current density during Initial stage of cold start;With the increase of current,the ice distribution under the rib is reduced,low performance area follows the total current density better,and the single cell performance consistency is significantly improved.

关 键 词：质子交换膜燃料电池 冷启动 辅助加热 一致性 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TK91[动力工程及工程热物理]