长期记忆存储的神经编码与调控  

Neural mechanism of long-term memory storage and modulation

作　　者：谢红 成蕊希 韵迪 管吉松 Hong Xie;Ruixi Cheng;Di Yun;Ji-Song Guan(Institute of Photonic Chips,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics,School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;School of Life Science and Technology,ShanghaiTech University,Shanghai 201210,China;Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学光子芯片研究院,上海200093 [2]上海理工大学光电信息与计算机工程学院人工智能纳米光子学中心,上海200093 [3]上海科技大学生命科学与技术学院,上海201210 [4]中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心,上海200031

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第16期2016-2028,共13页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金(32225023);科技创新2030(2021ZD0203500);国家自然科学基金(31970903,31671104);国家自然科学基金委员会和德国科学基金会中德合作项目(61621136008)/DGF(TRR-169)资助。

摘　　要：人类根据自身以及后天学习获得的经验与知识,也就是记忆,适应并改造了自然界,从而创造了现代文明.建立在大脑神经元的物质基础之上,记忆承载了外界纷繁复杂的信息,整合了时间与空间等不同维度上的多感知信息,为大脑作出正确判断和操作提供支撑.通过对大脑记忆机制的研究不仅仅可以揭示脑高级功能的生物学基础,更加重要的是,可以提供一条由亿万年进化史选择的解决高级认知运算与高效信息处理的途径.近年来,对记忆机制的认知从突触、分子等生物层面渐渐深入到细胞编码、解码与整合等信息层面,依赖对大脑中信息编码直接相关的记忆印迹(engram)的深入研究则揭示了神经环路的记忆存储与调控机制.本文围绕记忆印迹细胞的分子、细胞、环路与信息处理机制的运用,回顾了近期记忆机制的研究进展,探索了记忆编码机制研究对生物大脑运作原理及类脑智能的深远影响.Memory is a way for people to acquire information through personal experiences and from media such as books,TV,and the internet.Relying on memory and the ability to gain new ones,the human brain is capable of adapting to survive in the ever-changing environment and can create marvels and build objects out of nature.Therefore,it is memory that creates modern civilization.Memory consists of synapses and neural ensembles in the brain which integrate multisensory information both spatially and temporally.Thus,memory bridges the link between cognitive domain information and physical domain neural connections,making them easier to track and study.Memory is the foundation of the brain’s cognitive functions.Consequently,research into how the brain stores and retrieves memories reveals not only how the brain works to generate intelligence,but also suggests possible avenues for creating efficient machine learning algorithms that have evolved over millions of years.Recent breakthroughs in biotechnology have led to discoveries about the mechanisms underlying memory formation and retrieval,providing insight into neural memories at the cellular and synaptic levels as well as understanding neural coding for circuitry integration and operation.Particularly,the discovery of cellular memory engrams in the neocortex has revealed a highly parallel arrangement of memory circuits,which are located in layer ll of widely distributed cortical areas,including sensory cortices,primary visual cortices,and retrosplenial cortices.In this review,we summarize the most recent findings on memory engrams in the hippocampus and neocortex.We highlight the correlation between neural oscillations and cortical engram activities during memory formation.We also explore the evidence that long-range synchrony of theta-coupled gamma oscillations plays a key role in modulating cortical engram activity to create a brain-wide memory network.We explain how memory engrams in the neocortex are integrated and organized by indexing signals from the hippocampus,al

关 键 词：记忆印迹 神经振荡 类脑智能计算 海马体 大脑皮层 双光子显微镜 

分 类 号：R338.64[医药卫生—人体生理学]