从反贫困向共同富裕:建党百年的实践探索与演进脉络  

From Anti-poverty to Common Prosperity:Exploration and Evolutionary Path over the Past Centenary Since the Founding of the Communist Party of China

作　　者：孔立 陈琼 KONG Li;CHEN Qiong

机构地区：[1]西南大学农村经济与管理研究中心,重庆400715 [2]西南大学农村区域发展系,重庆400715

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2023年第5期114-132,共19页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“命运共同体视域下中非粮食安全与农业产能合作研究”(编号:20BJY151);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“马铃薯主粮化的现状、前景与对策”(编号:2017M622951);重庆市社会科学规划项目“低碳减贫背景下农户经济行为研究”(编号:2017BS12)。

摘　　要：中国共产党领导的反贫困实践与实现国家富强、民族振兴的历史进程是高度统一的,有必要以“大历史观”的视角来审视反贫困战略的形成和发展,以及面向共同富裕的启示与前景。本文基于马克思社会再生产理论,构建贫困致因分析的理论框架和效率分析工具。从贫困特征和贫困致因两个维度对百年贫困问题进行历史考察,归纳贫困致因在四个历史时期的演变规律。进一步根据主要贫困致因、反贫困目标和战略环境变化梳理反贫困战略演进脉络。中国共产党领导的反贫困战略正确处理了“整体—局部”“发展—分享”“内部—外部”关系。其一,针对整体性贫困的共性问题,通过“农村包围城市”等局部性探索来开创发展路径,以局部引领整体,实现国家富强;针对局部性贫困的特性问题,以整体惠及局部,消除绝对贫困现象。其二,在不同历史阶段,轮番发挥“有为政府”和“有效市场”的主导作用;积极发掘“有能集体”的地缘优势和独特作用,充分发动团结占绝大多数的农民阶级,有效组织社会生产要素。三者协同,促进生产力发展,将生产力发展转化为全社会的福祉提升。其三,优先破解内部交易效率问题,建立独立而完整的内部经济循环;掌控中间交易主导权,有机组合内生式与外源式发展战略,持续提升内部循环的整体效率,全面建成小康社会,为逐步实现共同富裕开拓了可行路径。The anti-poverty practices under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC)is highly integrated with the historical process of achieving national prosperity,national rejuvenation,and people's well-being.It is necessary to examine the formation and development of the antipoverty strategy,as well as the enlightenment and prospects for common prosperity,from the perspective of the"great historical view".This article coordinates the relationship of"efficiency-fairness",constructs a three-dimensional analysis framework of"production efficiency-configuration efficiency-transaction efficiency",and theoretically deconstructs the causes of poverty.Based on the theoretical analysis framework of"production-consumption"and"closed-open"perspectives,the main contradiction change between endogenous and exogenous causes is clarified from the three dimensions of breadth,intensity and depth,and the evolution path of poverty problem is found.The anti-poverty strategy,under the leadership of the CPC,correctly handles the"overall-local","development-transformation"and"internal-external"relations.Firstly,in view of the common problems of overall poverty,exploration of local strategies,such as"rural surrounding cities",leads the overall strategy.Then overall feeds back local,and the phenomenon of absolute poverty is eliminated on schedule.Secondly,in different historical stages,"Promising Government"and"Effective Market"play the leading role in turn."Capable Collective"fully mobilizes the the vast majority of the farmer class,and effectively organizes the rural production factors.They work together,on the one hand,to optimize the allocation of factors and promote productivity;on the other hand,to improve the well-being of the whole society.Thirdly,internal transaction efficiency problem is prioritized to complete internal economic cycle.Intermediate transaction is controlled to combine endogenous and exogenous development strategies.By improving the overall efficiency of internal cycle continuously,a well-off society in an all

关 键 词：中国共产党 反贫困 共同富裕 效率 贫困致因 

分 类 号：D25[政治法律—政治学] F126[政治法律—中共党史]