理想还是现实:解析“美国梦”  

Aspiration or Reality?An Exploration of the American Dream

作　　者：蔡鸿[1] Cai Hong

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学专用英语学院,100081

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2023年第2期60-84,6,7,共27页The Journal of International Studies

基　　金：“国家社会科学基金资助课题”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“美国梦”是一个具有强烈意识形态色彩的词语,其来源可以追溯到北美殖民地时期。随着美国历史的发展和变化,其内涵不断丰富和发展。“美国梦”在产生初期常常被视为“个人之梦”“移民之梦”,但随着国家政治概念的强化而变成“美国之梦”“民族之梦”,成为美国政治、经济和社会文化中不可缺少的推动力,对美国的发展和强大起到了特殊的催进作用。“美国梦”包括希望、信心、机遇、平等、成功、美好、繁荣、努力、决心和主观能动性等关键词,这些关键词共同构筑了“美国梦”的核心涵义。然而,随着美国的政治极化、社会矛盾、通货膨胀、阶层固化等一系列长期存在的问题不断加剧,“美国梦”对内已经沦为以阶层上升、经济成功、生活幸福为特征的中产阶级式的个人发展愿景,对外则成为美国在全球各地输出美国式的经济、政治、文化和意识形态的工具。"The American Dream"is a term with a strong and unique ideological connotation,which can be traced back to the colonial period in North America.With the development and changes throughout American history,its meaning has continued to evolve and expand.In its early stages,the American Dream was often regarded as the"dream of individuals"and the"dream of immigrants."However,with reinforcement from the national political ideology,it has transformed into the broader"American Dream"or"dream of the nation,"becoming an indispensable driving force in American politics,economy,society,and culture,as well as playing a significant role in the development and strength of the United States.The American Dream encompasses essential elements such as hope,confidence,opportunity,equality,success,beauty,prosperity,effort,determination,and initiative.These elements together constitute the core meaning of the American Dream.However,with increasing political polarization,social contradictions,inflation,andclass stratification in the United States,a series of long-standing problems have been exacerbated,causing the American Dream to transform into a vision of personal development characterized by upward mobility,economic success,and a happy life that is typical of the middle class.Globally,it has become a concept that the United States employs to export its economic,political,cultural,and ideological models worldwide.

关 键 词：地区与国别政治 美国“美国梦” 美国总统就职演说 中产阶级 社会流动性 对外政策 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]