由地方实践到国家政策——地方环境治理实践创新扩散的一项研究  

From Local Practice to National Policy: A Study on the Innovation and Diffusion of Local Environmental Governance Practices

作　　者：陈涛[1,2] 牛帅 CHEN Tao;NIU Shuai(Department of sociology,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;Research Center for Environment and Society,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学公共管理学院,江苏南京211100 [2]河海大学环境与社会研究中心,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《河海大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期1-12,共12页Journal of Hohai University：Philosophy and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18BSH066);江苏省研究生教育教学改革项目(JGKT22_C012);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(B220207012)。

摘　　要：地方实践迈向国家政策早期主要发生于经济和民生改革领域,近年来,绩效显著的地方环境治理实践被吸纳为国家政策,形成了颇具特色的自下而上型环保实践创新扩散现象。当前,环境治理地方实践形成了目标指向维度的撬动资源型和满足民生需求型,空间范围维度的单处试验型和多地探索型,实践历程维度的顺利型和曲折型等多类型分布。迈向国家政策的地方实践具有发轫于东部地区居多、从探索到全面扩散的历程趋于缩减的时空特征。具有治理绩效是地方环境治理实践跃升的基础,但这只是前置条件。创新扩散存在着结构性驱动机制,地方实践与国家政策之间的总体性连接机制包括环境治理的制度化需求、地方政府的竞合机制、条块上下的良性互动、政协人大的建言效应以及学媒两界的造势效应。深化对自下而上型环保政策生成逻辑研究,有助于推动本土环境社会学的知识生产。当然,针对基层环境治理机制创新热潮,政学两界亦需要一定的冷思考。The innovation phenomenon of local practice moving towards national policies mainly occurred in the fields of economic and livelihood reform in the early stages.In recent years,some local environmental governance practices with significant performance have been incorporated into national policies,forming a distinctive phenomenon of bottom-up innovation and diffusion.Currently,local practices in environmental governance have formed multiple types of distribution,including leveraging resources and meeting livelihood needs on goal oriented dimension,single and multi exploration on saptial scope,smooth and tortuous on spatial scope.The local practice towards national policies has a spatiotemporal characteristic that originated mostly in the eastern region and tends to shrink from exploration to comprehensive diffusion.Governance performance is the basis for the improvement of local environmental governance practice,but it is only a prerequisite.There is a structural driving mechanism for innovation diffusion and the academic community needs to explore the overall connection mechanism between local practices and national policies.Actually,it is rooted in the institutional demand for national environmental governance,the co-opetition mechanism of local governments,the benign interaction between the upper and lower levels of the system,the advisory effect of the People’s Congress and the CPPCC,and the publicity effect of the academic and media circles.Deepening the research on the generation logic of bottom-up environmental policies can help promote the knowledge production of local environmental sociology.However,the political and academic circles also need some cold thinking in view of the innovation upsurge of grassroots environmental governance mechanism.

关 键 词：环境治理 机制创新 地方实践 国家政策 创新扩散 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理] X22[社会学]