土表致密层形成下肥液膜孔灌入渗土壤水氮分布  

Distribution of water and nitrogen in soil infiltration by fertilizer filmhole irrigation under formation of soil dense layer

作　　者：赵彭辉 费良军[1] 刘大有 ZHAO Penghui;FEI Liangjun;LIU Dayou(State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi′an University of Technology,Xi′an,Shannxi 710048,China;Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 311122,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [2]中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司,浙江杭州311122

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2023年第7期709-715,共7页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52079105,51779206)。

摘　　要：为研究地表致密层形成条件下肥液膜孔灌入渗土壤水氮分布特性,进行了两阶段的室内膜孔灌入渗试验,在试验第一阶段浑水入渗形成致密层的情况下,设置4个肥液(硝酸铵钙)质量浓度水平(0,200,500及800 mg/L)进行第二阶段入渗,研究了单位膜孔面积累积入渗量、土壤湿润体含水率、硝态氮、铵态氮质量比分布及其分布变化特性.肥液可以促进土壤水分入渗,改进的Kostiakov模型和改进的Philip模型可以很好地表示单位膜孔面积累积入渗量与入渗时间之间的关系(R^(2)>0.95),并得到含有肥液浓度参数的单位膜孔面积累积入渗量和入渗时间的经验模型.湿润体高质量含水率面体积(θ>28%)随肥液质量浓度增大而增大,且在膜孔中心附近区域质量含水率最高,但肥液对沿膜孔表层土壤径向方向的质量含水率分布影响程度不大,肥液质量浓度越大,土壤湿润体中硝态氮、铵态氮质量比越大,湿润体中硝态氮分布与湿润体质量含水量分布相似,都呈土壤上层质量比较高的情况,湿润体中铵态氮质量比随入渗距离增加,呈现逐渐下降的趋势.To study the distribution characteristics of water and nitrogen in soil infiltrated by fertilizer liquid film hole irrigation under the conditions of dense layer formation on the surface,a two-stage indoor film hole irrigation infiltration test was carried out.In the first stage of the test,when muddy water infiltration formed a dense layer,four fertilizer liquid(calcium ammonium nitrate)mass concentration levels(0,200,500 and 800 mg/L)were set up for the second stage infiltration.The cumulative infiltration per unit film hole area,soil moisture content,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen mass ratio distribution,and distribution characteristics were studied.Fertilizer solution can promote soil water infiltration.The improved Kostiakov model and the improved Philip model can well represent the relationship between cumulative infiltration per unit film hole area and infiltration time(R^(2)>0.95),and obtain the empirical model of cumulative infiltration per unit film hole area and infiltration time with fertilizer solution concentration parameters.The high water content area volume(θ>28%)of the wetting body increases with the increase of the concentration of the fertilizer solution,and the water content is the highest near the center of the film hole.However,the fertilizer solution has little effect on the water content distribution along the radial direction of the surface soil of the film hole.The higher the concentration of the fertilizer solution,the greater the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the soil-wetting body.The distribution of nitrate nitrogen in the wetting body is similar to the distribution of water content in the wetting body,both of which are relatively higher quality in the upper layer of the soil.The mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen in the wetting body decreases gradually with the increase of infiltration distance.

关 键 词：膜孔灌 土壤 致密层 水氮分布 自由入渗 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]