西宁盆地天然富硒作物的筛选与评价  

Screening and Evaluation of Natural Selenium-rich Crops in the Xining Basin

作　　者：张亚峰 马强 姚振 沈骁 王帅 张富新 韩伟明 ZHANG Yafeng;MA Qiang;YAO Zhen;SHEN Xiao;WANG Shuai;ZHANG Fuxin;HAN Weiming(The Fifth Geological Exploration Institute of Qinghai Province,Xining 810099,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省第五地质勘查院,青海西宁810099

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2023年第7期764-770,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：青海省地质勘查基金项目(10)。

摘　　要：为查明青藏高原西宁盆地天然富硒作物的种类和特征,全面揭示碱性富硒土壤的潜在生态价值,科学探寻天然富硒土地利用方向,通过西宁盆地696件土壤和作物的协同调查,分析Se及Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb等14项指标,利用土壤环境调查、指标富集系数评价和作物富硒率统计等方法,开展天然富硒作物筛选。结果表明,西宁盆地富硒土壤呈碱性,肥力良好,环境清洁。依据地方标准,初步判定调查的17种作物中小麦、油菜籽、苦苣菜、芹菜、西蓝花、大蒜、苜蓿等7种作物达到了富硒水平。根据Se富集系数划分了强(牧草粮油类)、中(豆类)、弱(蔬菜水果类)3级聚Se作物,苜蓿、小麦和油菜籽属强富Se型作物。以小麦为代表,根据富硒率与根系土的线性相关关系推断,天然富硒小麦的富硒率要达到70%推荐值需在Se含量大于等于0.47 mg/kg的土壤中培育;根据不同元素富集系数间的相关关系推断,作物在富Se的同时,还有富含或含Cu、Zn、Sr等有益元素的潜力。In order to identify the types and characteristics of natural selenium-rich crops in the Xining Basin of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau,reveal the potential ecological value of alkaline selenium-rich soil,and scientifically explore the direction of natural selenium-rich land use,in this study,a collaborative survey of 696 samples of soil and crops in the Xining Basin was conducted to analyse Se and 14 indexes including Cu,Zn,Cd,and PB,the natural selenium-rich crops were screened by the methods of soil environmental investigation,index enrichment coefficient evaluation,and crop selenium-rich rate statistics.The results showed that the selenium-rich soil in the Xining Basin was alkaline,of good fertility and clean environment.Among the 17 crops investigated,according to local standards,7 crops including wheat,rapeseed,chicory,celery,broccoli,garlic,and alfalfa were determined to reach the selenium-rich level.According to the selenium enrichment coefficient,three Seaccumulating crops were classified:strong selenium-accumulating(forage,grain,and oil),medium selenium-accumulating(legumes),and weak selenium-accumulating(vegetable and fruit).Taking wheat as the example,it was inferred from the linear correlation between selenium-rich rate and root soil that the selenium-rich rate of natural selenium-rich wheat must be cultivated in soil with selenium concentration which was 0.47 mg/kg or above to reach the recommended value of 70%.According to the correlation between the enrichment coefficients of different elements,it was inferred that the crops were rich in selenium and simultaneously had the potential to be rich in or contain Cu,Zn,Sr,and other beneficial elements.

关 键 词：天然富硒土壤 天然富硒作物 富集系数 西宁盆地 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]