清代纹章漆器研究——以“剃须漆碗”为例  

A Study of Lacquer ware Blazon in Qing Dynasty——Taking“Lacquer Shaving Bowl”in V&A Museum as an Example

作　　者：程智 Chen Zhi(Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic,Guangzhou Guangdong,511400)

机构地区：[1]广州番禺职业技术学院,广东广州511400

出　　处：《地方文化研究》2022年第6期21-34,共14页Local Culture Research

基　　金：2020年国家社科基金冷门绝学项目“广州十三行印章印迹整研究”(项目编号:20VJXG005)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：大约两百年前,在大量的清代广州外销漆器中,一种特殊的“纹章漆器”逐渐受到越来越多人的关注,它属外销漆器中的特殊定制品,更是那个时期东西方文化交流融会的产物。本文从维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆藏品“剃须漆碗”入手,探究和分析纹章漆器的图形由来、历史沿革以及特色价值等方向,并梳理纹章漆器中的传统漆工艺制作特点,欣赏东西方文化在纹章漆器上碰撞产生的灵感火花,呈现出的独特艺术风格。以此为理论依据,尽力还原这一时期的皮革加工成型工艺、皮革底胎髹漆工艺、漆器图案纹饰描金工艺、纹章徽标的描金彩绘工艺等技法,再现当年的清代纹章漆器。最终形成可借鉴的传统工艺制作方法和材料研究分析,并将整套技术工艺流程和制作步骤记录留存。在此基础上,以当年的广州蕃坊为切入点,通过对明清时期广州“凯旋门”和近代“漆器西家行”等关键地点进行图像档案搜集整理,初步还原了明清时期广州漆器工坊和皮革工坊生产纹章漆器的过程和工艺。同时为今后更好的研究清代纹章漆器提供了相关史料和详实数据支撑,填补了目前这一研究领域的空白。Among the exporting lacquer wares from Guangzhou during Qing Dynasty 200 years ago,the special“lacquer ware blazon”is attracting attention.It belongs to the specially ordered product.It is a product representing East-western cultural fusion of the age.The essay is going to explore and analyze the origin,historical development and value of the lacquer ware blazon with the Lacquer Shaving Bowl in V&A Museum as an example,and to reveal the traditional art in lacquer ware product,so as to appreciate the special artistic style in lacquer ware blazon which shows the cultural fusion.The essay also tries to reveal the technique in leather processing,leather painting,gold tracing craft in lacquer ware design,gold tracing and colour drawing craft in blazon,to present the wonderful lacquer ware blazon in Qing Dynasty.In this way the traditional method,the materials and the processing steps can be recorded.The essay also makes a collection and sorting-out of photos and data of Guangzhou“workshops for foreign order”--“Guangzhou Arc de Triomphe”in Ming and Qing Dynasty and“Lacquer Ware Xi Jia Hang”in modern period,to reveal the processing craft in lacquer ware blazon in lacquer ware and leather ware workshop of that period.The essay can provide related documents and detailed data for studying lacquer ware in Qing Dynasty,which fills in gaps in the field.

关 键 词：纹章漆器 蕃坊 广州凯旋门 描金 漆器西家行 皮胎髹漆 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]