小麦主要数量性状相关性及不同施肥对产量的影响  

Analysis on the Correlation of Main Quantitative Characters and Effect of Different Fertilization on Yield

作　　者：刘昌文 逄子剑 雷钧杰[3] 张胜全[4] 聂石辉[3] 阿旦来提·加马力 LIU Changwen;PANG Zijian;LEI Junjie;ZHANG Shengquan;NIE Shihui;ADALAT Jama(Kashi Agricultural Technology extension Center,Kashgar,Xinjiang 844000,China;People's Government of Bagavati Township,Shache,Xinjiang 844710,China;Institute of Food crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830001,China;Institute of Hybrid Wheat,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830001,China)

机构地区：[1]喀什地区农业技术推广中心,新疆喀什844000 [2]莎车县巴格阿瓦提乡人民政府,新疆莎车844710 [3]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830001 [4]北京市农林科学院杂交小麦研究所,北京100097 [5]新疆农业大学,新疆乌鲁木齐830001

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2023年第7期40-44,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：喀什地区2022年新时代人才发展项目(KSRC2022059);喀什地区科技计划项目(KS202213);喀什地区科技局成果转化项目(2022kscg05);喀什地区应用技术研究与开发项目(KS2021001);治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目(2022SNGGGCC007)。

摘　　要：为探明新疆喀什地区现有耕作条件下小麦主要数量性状相关性及不同生育阶段施肥对主要数量性状影响,随机抽取莎车、泽普2县77块麦田,调查了株高、旗叶、有效穗数、穗粒数、施肥情况和公顷产量情况,对小麦主要数量性状相关性及不同施肥对产量的影响进行了研究。结果表明:产量与株高、旗叶总面积、旗叶宽和有效穗数,穗粒数与旗叶宽、旗叶总面积和有效穗数以及有效穗数与旗叶总面积均呈正相关,有效穗数与旗叶长和旗叶宽,旗叶长与株高均呈负相关。有效穗数在666万穗·hm^(-2)、穗粒数在22.5~31.1粒之间及公顷旗叶面积达7532.1 m^(2)时,有利于获得超高产;有效穗数在666万穗·hm^(-2)~990万穗·hm^(-2)之间容易丰产稳产。综上,在现有耕作条件下,底肥施足N、P、K肥,返青期、拔节孕穗期、抽穗灌浆期合理追施N肥,有利于产量提高,其中底肥对小麦产量影响最大。In order to find out the correlation of the main quantitative characters of wheat under the existing tillage conditions in Kashi area of Xinjiang and the effects of fertilization at different growth stages on the main quantitative characters,Randomly selected 77 wheat fields in Shache and Zepu,the plant height,flag leaves,effective panicles,grain number per ear,fertilization,and yield were investigated.The correlation between main quantitative traits of wheat and the impact of different fertilization on yield were studied.The results showed that yield was positively correlated with plant height,total area of flag leaf,width of flag leaf and number of effective grains,number of grains per spike and width of flag leaf,total area of flag leaf and total area of flag leaf,number of effective grain was positively correlated with total area of flag leaf,and the number of effective grain was negatively correlated with flag leaf length and flag leaf width,flag leaf length and plant height.The super high yield could be obtained when the number of effective panicles was 6.66 million panicles per hectare,grains per spike was 22.5-31.1 grains and the flag leaf area per hectare reached 7532.1 m^(2).It was easy to achieve high and stable yield when the effective panicle was between 6.66-9.90 million panicles per hectare.In conclusion,under the existing tillage conditions,the reasonable application of N fertilizer at the green stage,jointing and booting stage,heading and filling stage is beneficial to increase the yield,among which the basal fertilizer has the greatest effect on the wheat yield.

关 键 词：小麦 数量性状 相关性 不同施肥 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]