论先秦时期戎的涵义变迁  

Changes of the Meaning of Rong in the Pre Qin Period

作　　者：吴伟[1] WU Wei(School of History and Culture,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学历史文化学院,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《宝鸡文理学院学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期32-37,共6页Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences：Social Science Edition

基　　金：甘肃省社会科学规划一般项目:秦在甘肃的崛起及早期秦文化研究(项目编号:20YB018);西北民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目:周王朝对西垂的经略与秦早期历史研究(项目编号:31920200080)。

摘　　要：对于戎的涵义的认识,历代以来众说纷纭,但大家一致认为戎自始至终皆是族称。戎是周人习用的称谓语汇,商人几乎不用。先周至西周时期,戎的涵义由兵器引申为敌人、敌国,涉及戎的相关史实,均与周戎战争有关。进入春秋以后,戎始成为族称,指在语言、体质、饮食、服饰、经济及礼制等方面有别于夏、狄、夷等的人群,戎狄、夷狄是此时诸夏对异族常用的泛称。战国以降,内夏外夷的民族分布地理格局形成,夷蛮戎狄与四方相结合,东夷、南蛮、西戎和北狄的说法在儒家经典《礼记》中被固定下来,西戎泛指西部族群的观点日益流行。There have been various opinions on the meaning of Rong throughout history,but everyone agrees that Rong is a tribal name.Rong is a commonly used term in Zhou Dynasty,which was hardly used by people in Shang Dynasty.During the Pre-Zhou to Western Zhou periods,the meaning of Rong was extended from weapons to enemies and enemy states.The relevant historical facts related to Rong are all related to the wars between Zhou and Rong.After entering the Spring and Autumn period,Rong began to become a tribal name,referring to ethnic groups that were different from Xia,Di,Yi,and others in terms of language,physique,diet,clothing,economy,and etiquette.Rongdi and Yidi were commonly used as general terms for different ethnic groups in China at this time.Since the Warring States period,the geographical distribution pattern of the Inner Xia and Outer Yi ethnic groups has formed,combining the four directions with Yi,Man,Rong,and Di.The statements of Dong Yi,Nan Man,Xi Rong,and Bei Di were fixed in the Confucian classic Book of Rites,and the view that Xi Rong refers to the Western ethnic groups has become increasingly popular.

关 键 词：泛称 专名 敌人 族称 

分 类 号：H109.2[语言文字—汉语]