基于传热模型的融雪道岔优化方案研究  

Research on Optimization Scheme of Snowmelt Switch Based on Heat Transfer Model

作　　者：贺清[1] 赵康效 HE Qing;ZHAO Kangxiao(School of Automation and Electrical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学自动化与电气工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2023年第7期69-74,共6页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金项目(21JR7RA292)。

摘　　要：为解决电加热道岔融雪系统在工程应用中融雪不及时、不充分的问题,以60 kg/m钢轨轨型的道岔结构为研究对象,基于COMSOL Multiphysics有限元分析软件建立道岔结构“热源-钢轨-积雪”的耦合传热模型,通过仿真试验与现场试验,验证传热模型的准确性,并对比分析加热元件采用无接触安装方式与常规轨腰安装方式的温度分布和融雪效果。结果表明:(1)加热元件采用无接触安装方式较轨腰安装方式具有更好的融雪效果,加热元件工作1 h,无接触安装方式基本轨与尖轨间隙积雪域水的体积分数为0.92,高于轨腰安装方式水的体积分数0.79,能量利用率较轨腰安装方式提高16.5%;(2)无接触安装方式道岔结构的温度分布更加均匀,基本轨与尖轨间隙积雪域温度分布在0℃以下的区域更小,能量传递效率更高。In order to solve the problem of delayed and insufficient snowmelt in the engineering application of electric heating switch snowmelt system,a 60 kg/m rail type switch structure is taken as the research object,and a coupled heat transfer model of switch structure“heat source-rail-snow”is established based on COMSOL Multiphysics finite element analysis software.The accuracy of the heat transfer model is verified by simulation and field tests,and the temperature distribution and snow melting effect of the non-contact installation method and the conventional rail waist installation method are compared and analyzed.The results show that:(1)The snow melting effect of heating element with non-contact installation is better than that with rail waist installation.For 1h operation of heating element,the volume fraction of accumulated snow area water in the gap between basic rail and tongue rail gap is 0.92 in non-contact installation,which is higher than the rail waist installation with volume fraction of 0.79,and its energy utilization is increased by 16.5%compared with rail waist installation.(2)In the non-contact installation mode,the temperature distribution of the switch structure is more uniform,the temperature distribution in the snow area between the basic rail and the sharp rail is smaller in the area below 0℃,and the energy transfer efficiency is higher.

关 键 词：道岔结构 传热模型 优化方案 融雪效果 温度分布 

分 类 号：U213.6[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]