“倭尾船”考——明初东亚海域的日本式海舟  

A Study of the Japanese Style Ocean Boat in the East Asian Seas during the Early Ming Period

作　　者：尹敏志 Yin Minzhi(National Institute for Advanced Humanistic Studies,FudanUniversity,Shanghai,200433,China.)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学文史研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2023年第3期137-143,M0007,共8页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第72批面上资助项目“日本静嘉堂文库藏明洪武初年浙江行省军政、民政文书复原与研究”(项目批号:2022M720776)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：存于日本静嘉堂文库藏《汉书》纸背的明洪武初年浙江行省文书中记载,洪武五年泉州卫发现“倭尾船”出没,洪武六年台州卫缴获“倭船”,明朝官兵将其拆解以打造新军船。据《朝鲜王朝实录》,“倭船”板薄,用铁钉连接起流线型船身,船舱左右各配一尾,速度与稳定性倶佳,但使用年限短。尾是一种海舟稳定装置,原理与宋代的游碇和橐、明代的排柵、清代的太平篮相似。“倭尾船”或“倭船”机动性强,是明初“倭寇”横行东亚海域的利器。On the back of Hanshu(《汉书》)collected in Seikado Bunko,there are some written official documents of the Zhejiang Province dated to the early years of the Hongwu era.According to these documents,in 1372,Quanzhou Wei(泉州卫)reported activities of"Japanese tail boats"in the Zhejiang coast.In 1373,Taizhou Wei(台州卫)dismantled the captured Japanese boats to build new boats.According to The Veritable Records of Joseon Dynasty,the"Japanese tail boat"was built with thin wood board with a streamlined hull connected by nails and there was a tail on each side of the cabin,making it fast and stable,but with a short service life.As a stable device,the function of the tail is similar to the youding(游碇)and tuo(橐)equipped on the Song boats and the paishan(排柵)equipped on the Ming boats,or,the taiping lan(太平篮)on the Qing boats.In the East Asian seas during the early Ming period,three-tailed Japanese boats were considered powerful devices with certain technical advantages.

关 键 词：明代 沿海卫所 倭尾船 造船技术 

分 类 号：K107[历史地理—历史学]