生物炭对花生生长发育及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Biochar on Peanut Growth and Soil Fertility

作　　者：姜梓渔 JIANG Zi-yu(Shenyang No.27 High School,Shenyang110011,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳市第二十七中学,辽宁沈阳110011

出　　处：《花生学报》2023年第2期14-21,共8页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：沈阳市教育科学“十四五”规划2022年度普通高中学生小课题。

摘　　要：为探究生物炭对花生生长发育及土壤肥力的影响,本研究以农花5号为试材,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、生物炭+常规施肥(BC+CF)和生物炭+化肥减量20%(BC+20%CF)4个处理,分别对花生的植株形态、光合特性、干物质积累、产量构成、籽仁品质及土壤理化性状进行了测定。结果表明,与CK相比,施用生物炭可有效增加花生的叶面积,BC+CF和BC+20%CF处理下结荚期的叶面积分别增加50.59%和58.19%,同时单株产量分别提高47.86%和43.33%;施用生物炭能显著增加花生籽仁中的蛋白质和亮氨酸含量,而降低硬脂酸和油脂含量;施用生物炭会降低土壤容重的增加幅度,显著提高土壤孔隙度,BC+CF和BC+20%CF处理下花生各时期土壤速效钾含量的平均增幅分别为35.37%和41.04%。本研究证明了生物炭对化肥减施和土壤肥力维持的作用,为生物炭在花生生产中的合理应用提供了理论依据。To explore the effects of biochar on peanut growth and soil fertility,in this study,Nonghua 5 was used as the test material,and four treatments of no fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization(CF),applying biochar based on conventional fertilization(BC+CF),and applying biochar based on reducing fertilizer by 20%(BC+20%CF)were set,and the peanut morphology,photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation,yield component,seed quality and soil physicochemical properties were determined.The results showed that the application of biochar could effectively increase the leaf area of peanut compared with CK.Under BC+CF and BC+20%CF treatments,the leaf area of peanut at pod-bearing stage increased by 50.59%and 58.19%,respectively;and the yield per plant increased by 47.86%and 43.33%,respectively.Besides,application of biochar could also significantly increase the contents of protein and leucine but decrease the contents of stearic acid and oil in peanut kernel.Furthermore,the application of biochar could lead to a significantly lower increase in soil bulk density and a significantly higher soil porosity.The average increase of soil available potassium content under BC+CF and BC+20%CF treatments was 35.37%and 41.04%,respectively.This study proved the effect of biochar on fertilizer reduction and soil fertility maintenance,and provided a theoretical basis for the rational application of biochar in peanut production.

关 键 词：花生 生物炭 产量 品质 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S565.206.1[农业科学—作物学] S156.2